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Period: to
War of 1812
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President Madison Takes Office
1) James Madison had helped to write the Constitution and pass the Bill of Rights.
2) He had hoped to keep the United States out of war.
3) Many Americans felt that his approach was too timid, and that the U.S. had to stand up to the Native Americans and other foreign countries.
4) In the early 1800's the U.S. went to war with several Native American nations.
5) By 1812 the U.S. was calling for war with Britain. -
War Hawks Take Power
1) They wanted to seize Canada
2) They wanted to stop the British seizure of American ships
3) They wanted to demonstrate the strength of the United States.
4) They wanted to end British aid to the Native Americans in the west.
5) They wanted to take Florida from Spain, Britain's ally, so they couldn't use it as a base. -
Relations with Great Britain Worsen
1) The British were supplying the Native Americans with guns and ammunition.
2) They were encouraging the Native Americans to attack United States' settlements.
3) United States and Britain continued to disagree over trade.
4) The U.S. said that if France of Britain stopped seizing American ships, the U.S. would halt trade with the other nation.
5) France quickly agreed to stop seizing American ships. -
Congress Declares War on Britain
1) British warships blickaded some American ports to prevent trade with France.
2) A brief battle broke out between an American frigate and a Brithish warship.
3) Americans crippled the British ship and left 32 British men dead or wounded.
4) War Hawks urged Congress to prepare for War against British.
5) Others in Congress opposed the strong views of the War Hawks. -
America is Not Ready for War
1) Jefferson's spending cuts weakened the military strength.
2) The navy only had 16 warships ready for action.
3) The army was very small.
4) The army only consisted of 7,000 men.
5) British had already started blockading American ports. -
British Blaockades American Ports
1) British warships blockaded American ports to prevent trading with France.
2) British boarded American ships to imprees American seamen.
3) Near New York Harbor a brief battle broke out.
4) Americans crippled the British ship.
5) Americans left 32 British men dead or wounded. -
Invasion of Canada
1) General William Hull invaded Canada from Detroit.
2) He soon retreated for fear of not having enough soldiers.
3) A British commander took advantage of Hull's confusion.
4) His army forced Hull's army to surrender.
5) British captured 2,000+ American soldiers. -
USS Constitution Scores a Victory
1) Isaac Hull spotted the British ship Gurriere.
2) For nearly an hour the two ships jockeyed for position.
3) Guns of the Constitution tore holes in the Guerriere.
4) Guns shot off both of the Guerriere's masts.
5) The British captain lowered his flag in surrender. -
Battle of Lake Erie
1) This was an American victory.
2) 27 killed, 96 wounded, and 1 brig damaged for the Americans.
3) 41 killed, 93 wounded, 306 captured for the British
4) This was one of the biggest naval battles in the War of 1812.
5) This battle ensured American control over Lake Erie for the rest of the war. -
Battle of Thames
1) British and Tecumseh retreated from Detroit to Canada after losing control of Lake Erie
2) Henry Harrison pursued them.
3) Americans won this battle.
4) Tecumseh died in the fighting.
5) Without his leadership, the Indian confederation soon fell apart. -
Horseshoe Bend
1) With the help of the Cherokees, Jackson won this battle.
2) The leader of the Creeks walked alone into Jackson's camp to surrender.
3) For the time being, the fighting ended.
4) The Native Americans had to give up their land to the whites.
5) The Americans destroyed the Creeks' nation. -
Washington, D.C. Attacked and Burned.
1) Approximately 30 accidental deaths.
2) Public buildings and naval yard in Washington were burned.
3) The attack was from the British.
4) It was after Americans were defeated in the Battle of Bladensburg.
5) This was intended to distract American campaigns against the British. -
Attack on Baltimore
1) Andrew Jackson was waiting for the British.
2) Citizens of New Orleans joined the army to defend their city.
3) Among volunteers were hundreds of African Americans.
4) Soldiers dug trences to defend themselves.
5) Only 7 Americans died. -
Writing of thje Star Spangled Banner
1) Written by Francis Scott Key.
2) became the U.S. national anthem.
3) The poem was set to the tune of a popular British song.
4) Written after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry.
5) The original name of the song was "Defence of Fort M'Henry". -
Writing of the Star Spangled Banner
1) Written by Francis Scott Key.
2) Became the U.S. national anthem.
3) Written after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry.
4) The poem was set to the tune of a popular British song.
5) The original name of the song was "Defence of Fort M'Henry". -
Hartford Convention
1) Most of the delegates were Federalists.
2) They disliked the Republican President and the war.
3) They threatened to leave the Union if the war continued.
4) News of the peace treaty arrived during debating amongst the delegates.
5) The convention ended quickly after. -
Treaty of Ghent
1) The Treaty of Ghent was signed in Ghent, Belgium.
2) John Quincy Adams summed up the treaty in one sentence at Ghent.
3) Britain and the U.S. agreed to restore prewar conditions.
4) The treaty said nothing about impressment or neutrality.
5) Other issues were settled later. -
Battle of New Orleans
1) This was an American victory.
2) 333 Americans were killed, wounded, or missing.
3) 2,459 British were killed, wounded, or missing.
4) This was the final major battle of the War of 1812.
5) The British intent was to seize New Orleans and the vast land from the Louisiana Purchase.
