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Date: 1340-1591
The Songhai Empire was created when Mali conquered Gao, which is the capital of it. They created cities of Islamic learning and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade. -
The Portuguese sailed down the Atlantic coast of Africa in search of one thing, which was gold. What they did not like was that trade from sub-Saharan Africa was controlled by the Islamic Empire. The Portuguese started to transport slaves to on trading post to another, along the coast of Africa.
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Prince Henry the Navigator wished to convert Africans to Christianity, make contact with existing Christian rulers in Africa, and launch crusades with them against the Ottomans. Some of his impacts led to the school of navigation, Portugal becoming the first country to explore, and the invention of the caravel.
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Date: 1444-1446
1451-1481
Mehmed the Conqueror conquered Constantinopole and put an end to the Byzantine Empire. He then started to expand his empire to Europe and parts of Asia. -
Date: 1435-1922
The Ottoman Empire was an Islamic state that turned into an empire. It containted lands in the Middle east, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. -
Date: 1464-1492
Sunni Ali started to rule after the decline of the Mali Empire. He started to expand his empire, creating one of the biggest empires people has ever seen. He ruled over Muslims and non-Muslims. -
Dias set sail in hope to find a trade route to India. He was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa. He impacted the rest of the world by finding a route to Africa that no one else has ever known or seen.
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The invasions of Europe and voyagers such as Christopher Columbus opened way to the Columbian Exchange. This trading system helped spread livestock and major agricultural crops, along with negatively decreasing the population with the spread of disease such as small pox and malaria. It also negatively impacted the environment.
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Columbus set sail due to his desire to find a shorter sea route to the Indian Ocean. He found what is known today as the West Indies. His voyages resulted in a major trading network, opening way to Spanish conquest, and opening up the world intellectually.
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Date: 1502-1722
The Safavid Empire was one of the greatest Persian empires that ruled after the Muslim conquest of Persia. They promoted trade and declared Iran as a Shi'ite state. -
Martin Luther objected the teachings of indulgences such as giving money. In result, he cahllenged preachers to debates on the theology of indulgences. This eventually led to the Protestant Reformation in 1519 and the rising of Lutheranism.
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Some of the things that caused the Spanish, such as Hernan Cortes, to conquer Mexico was religion, disease, military technology, and warfare. This resulted in Cortes being victorious and having the city of Tenochtitlan under Spanish control.
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Date: 1520-1566
Suleiman the Magnificent was the longest reigning emperor of the Ottoman Empire. He is also known as "The Lawgiver" for his reconstruction of the Ottoman legal system. He expanded the empire significantly in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. -
Date: 1526-1857
The Mughal Dynasty was ruled by the descendants of Genghis Khan. They dominated most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. -
John Calvin was one of the leaders that was inspired by Martin Luther's efforts to denounce church leaders such as Pope Leo. His teachings differed from Catholics and Lutherans in a couple of ways, including his belief on predestination. This resulted to reformation.
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Date: December 13, 1545- December 4, 1563
The Council of Trent started as a result to the Catholic Reformation, causing to reaffirm the supremacy of the pope. distinguish proper Catholic doctrines, and also called for a number of reforms. -
Date: 1556- 1605
Akbar was the grandson and successor of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire. He expanded the empire and made a policy with Hindus. -
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Like many astronomers, Gailieo Galilei was one of those who were inspired to study and observe the heavens deeper than Aristotle during the Scientific Revolution. He invented the telescope in 1609 that magnified objects thirty times beyond the power of the naked eye. He helped people better understand the solar system.
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1618-1648
The Thirty Years' War was one of many warfares that was caused mainly because of religious conflict. This long lasting war caused long lasting depopulation and economic decline in much of the Holy Roman Empire. -
Date: 1644-1912
he Manchu was part of the Qing dynasty. They conquered China and they later came to and end. -
Date: 1644-1911
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The Glorious Revolution was the overthrow of King James ll when he refused to respect Parliament's rights. This resulted to the creation of the Bill of Rights in order to limit the monarch's power.
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Date: 1689-1725
Peter the Great made major changes to expand Russia and increased the the power of the empire. He is remembered for his efforts to turn Russia away from its Asian cultural connections. -
John Locke was one of the many philosophers.that was inspired by the enlightenment and created new ideas of humanism and liberalism. He then became an important person to the enlightenment, focusing on topics such as liberty and religous freedom. He influenced some of the people that we call today as our founding fathers.
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Date: 1721-1917
The Russian Empire was a state that turned into the largest empire in world history. It expanded rapidly and became one of the major powers of Europe.
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