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3100 BCE
Unification of Lower and Upper Egypt by king Namer
King Menes of Upper Egypt invaded Lower Egypt uniting both kingdoms. Menes became the first ruler of the First Dynasty and was described as the "unifier of both countries".Narmer (Menes) was the first pharaoh of Ancient Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty in 3050 BC. C. According to the chronicler Julio Africano Menes, Egypt reigned 62 years. Menes was king of Upper Egypt and conquered Lower Egypt (Nile delta) and established his capital at Ineb Hedy "White Wall"). -
Period: 3000 BCE to 2300 BCE
(Mesopotamia) Sumerian period/ Early Dynastic period
The Sumerians were the first great culture that existed in the Near East. His arrival gave rise to numerous discussions. The Uruk culture had established the foundations of a writing system, which will be developed in the Sumerian language.
The Early Dynastic Period was preceded by the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods. It saw the development of writing and the formation of the first cities and small states with a relatively simple structure that developed and solidified over time. -
Period: 2700 BCE to 2200 BCE
Old Kingdom (Egypt)
The territory of Ancient Egypt was constituted by the Delta and the valley of the Nile River, a narrow and long strip in the northeast of Africa; a fertile territory less than 60 kilometers wide and 1,200 kilometers long.
Hieroglyphic writing, which is the best known. It is fundamentally monumental and is made in relief.
Hieratic script, which is a cursive script, abbreviated from the above
Demotic writing, which is fast, popular. Appears late, used in Egypt -
Period: 2050 BCE to 1720 BCE
Middle Kingdom (Egypt)
The beginning of the period marks the beginning of Thebes as the capital of Egypt. During this time Egypt extended its borders by conquering a part of Nubia. The two kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt. Consolidated Egyptian rule in the northeastern fringe, reaching Palestine. Ended the power of the nomarchs and abolished almost all their positions, so that the provinces were governed from the Royal Palace, divided in three departments or ministries -
Period: 1800 BCE to 1350 BCE
(Mesopotamia) Babylonian Empire
After Hammurabi's death, his empire was in crisis and reduced in size and power to the point that the Hittites easily sacked Babylon in 1595 BC. The Kassites succeeded the Hittites and renamed the city Karduniash. The Babylonian Empire was one of the most important in the ancient world. The Babylonians were a very sophisticated people, who built great cities and invented astronomy, the lunar calendar and the zodiac. -
1750 BCE
Code of Hammurabi
It is a compendium of laws and judicial decisions whose objective was to serve as the basis for establishing a uniform legal system for the entire Babylonian Empire. Hammurabi's code is based on universal and eternal principles of justice dictated by the gods.In its highest part, representing the code of Hummarabai, the image of Shamash, the god of justice, was engraved, delivering the laws to Hammurabi, and the text that follows makes it clear that these are laws of the -
Period: 1550 BCE to 1069 BCE
New Kingdom (Egypt)
The new empire was called the space of the temples, of great dimensions and unparalleled magnificence, reflecting the thirst for immortality of the pharaohs. This empire experienced an attempt to return to the old traditions, but using new materials and new techniques. The most important pharaohs of the period were Thutmose III (the Napoleon of the East), Amenhotep III and Ramses II. During the reign of Ramses II. The New Kingdom includes the Dynasties -
Period: 1350 BCE to 612 BCE
(Mesopotamia) Assyrian Empire
The Assyrian Empire was made up of two areas, one was the Assyrian Triangle, which was between the upper Zab and the Tigris, and Nineveh was the main center; the second area was Assur City, to the south of the triangle, founded in honor of their god. The empire began to disintegrate after Ashurbanipal's death in 627 BC. C. due to an incessant series of brutal civil wars in the core of the State. The king of the Medes and Persians, Ciáxares, joined forces in 616 a. -
Period: 753 BCE to 509 BCE
Monarchy (Rome)
The oldest political system was the Monarchy. The king (basileús) was the highest power and his title was hereditary. Around the king there was also a Council that helped the administration of the State. The oldest political system was the Monarchy. The king (basileús) was the highest power and his title was hereditary. Around the king there was also a Council that helped the administration of the State. -
Period: 750 BCE to 500 BCE
Archaic Period (Greece)
The Archean was a significant period in the early formation of the planet, in which primitive life arose and the first evolution of the Earth's crust occurred. Its name comes from the Greek arche, "origin" or "beginning". Conventionally, the beginning of the archaic era is established in the first Olympiad (Ὀλυμπιάς, computation of time in periods of four years that begins with the celebration of the first Olympic Games, 776 BC); while the end is marked by the Revolt of Ionia (499 a. -
Period: 715 BCE to 31 BCE
Late Period (Egypt)
Economically, the provinces of Egypt and Babylon functioned as suppliers of wheat - including this in the tribute - and other agricultural products and derivatives, as well as papyrus in the Egyptian case. Large tracts of land in the conquered provinces remained in the hands of Persian nobles. In terms of territorial expansion, during his reign western India was conquered and Greece was unsuccessfully invaded, in Egypt, the satrap Ariandes intervened. -
Period: 612 BCE to 539 BCE
(Mesopotamia) Neo- Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian episode ended with the reign of Nabonidus. At the height of the Persian nation, Cyrus II the Great conquered the empire. Nabopolassar, a Chaldean chief who had ruled the Country of the Sea, took over the government of Babylon taking advantage of one of the clashes between Assyrian princes. Babylonian society was made up of three different groups: the aristocrats, the free citizens (the common people), and the slaves. Usually it was government people -
Period: 509 BCE to 27 BCE
Republic (Rome)
Not so the Senate that on March 15, 44 B.C. gave him death. What began with the intention of reestablishing the republic caused the opposite. For many men of great ambitions would try to take Caesar's place and dominate Rome. The causes of the crisis of the Roman Republic in its last years of existence have their roots in Roman imperialism: it did not know how to take the definitive step from a small town to an empire that encompassed the entire Mediterranean and to adapt the social -
Period: 500 BCE to 323
Classical Period (Greece)
This is the period of greatest splendor of ancient Greek culture. It begins with the fall of the tyranny in Athens, a city that later became the most important of all the city-states that made up the Greek civilization.
Thus, Athenian democracy was born, the oldest example of a direct democracy between citizens (men, Greeks and adults, of course). With it, the foundations were laid for the golden age known as the Age of Pericles. -
490 BCE
Battle of Maraton
Marathon was a city located about 40 km from Athens. It was transported from the last bastion. If it was lost, the Persian army would enter Athens and take it for themselves. In fact, the Athenians were convinced that they had lost that battle and set out to burn the entire city. 11,000 Athenian and La Plata hoplites, led on the day of the battle of Marathon, Milcíades, faced a multi-ethnic Persian army numbering about 25,000 soldiers, under the command of the Persian Artafemes. -
480 BCE
Battle of Thermopiles
It is the conflict that confronted the impressive Persian Empire with the Greek City States, they were called Medical Wars. Ionia was then under Persian rule. The trigger was in the Ionian revolt against the region of Lydia, under Persian rule, even destroying its capital, which provoked the wrath of the Persian king Darius I it lasted in total more than two centuries and culminated in the conquest and dissolution of the Achaemenid Empire by Alexander the Great in the following century. -
480 BCE
Battle of Salamis
The Battle of Salamis was a naval confrontation that took place in the Saronic Gulf, near the island of Salamis, current territory of the Hellenic Republic of Greece. This consists of the third battle of the second medical war and the following forces faced each other: Persian fleet, Greek fleet. After the Persians managed to defeat the defenders of Thermopylae; Themistocles, the commander of the Greek fleet, ordered a retreat to the south -
432 BCE
Construction of the Parthenon
The Parthenon in Athens is a symbol of the independence, culture and pride of Greece. It was built after the Persians devastated Athens, destroying all its great monuments, but not before setting fire to the citadel. Thirty years had to wait for times of peace to come and Athens launched, by the hand of the famous Pendes, an ambitious program of restoration and reconstruction of its ancient temples and monuments. Designed by the architects Ictinus and Calícrates -
Period: 323 BCE to 31 BCE
Helenistic Period (Greece)
It is the heritage of the Hellenic culture of classical Greece that the Greek world receives through the hegemony and supremacy of Macedonia, first with the person of Alexander the Great and after his death with the diadochi (διάδοχοι) or successors, kings who founded the three great dynasties that would predominate at the time: ...
During the Hellenistic period the importance of the current territory of Greece within the Greek-speaking world will decline rapidly. -
202 BCE
Battle of Zama
The Battle of Zama was a battle fought between the forces of the Carthaginian leader Hannibal Barca and the troops of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus. Once Hannibal arrived in Africa he established his camp at Hadrumeto, south of Carthage. Pressured by the Carthaginian government to engage in battle, he reinforced his army with fresh forces and set out for Zama, five days' march west of Carthage. -
Period: 110 BCE to 750 BCE
Dark Age (Greece)
The onset of the Dark Ages has been associated with a wave of invasions by Sea Peoples because of the approximate chronological closeness of the destruction of the Mycenaean palaces to the documented invasions of Sea Peoples into Egypt. It is known as dark mainly because there are very few sources that can reveal what happened back then. Few ways to reconstruct the collapse of the Mycenaean world and little information about what happened during those years -
31 BCE
Battle of Actium
The battle of Accio faced the fleet led by Marco Vipsanio Agrippa and Octavian, in Greece. After several days of storms and inactivity. The sky cleared. Taking advantage of the morning sun, the fleets weighed anchor and spread out for the Battle of Accio. Casualties in Antony's army had meant that he only had enough crew to fill some 230-250 ships instead of the nearly 500 he had at the start of the war. -
Period: 27 BCE to 476 BCE
Empire (Rome)
The Roman Empire was the third period of Roman civilization in classical antiquity, after the Roman Republic and characterized by an autocratic form of government. The birth of the Empire is preceded by the expansion of its capital, Rome, which extended its control around the Mediterranean Sea. Theodosius divided the Roman Empire into two parts: Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Empire (whose life spanned more than a thousand years, until the fifteenth century.3 -
44
Assassination of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar celebrated in Rome his success in four wars waged in the previous years: in Gaul, in Egypt, in Pontus and in Africa. Almost two years later, on March 15, 44 BC. he was assassinated in the Senate, the victim of a conspiracy orchestrated by a group of senators opposed to his autocratic ambitions. Cayo Casio, Marco Junio Bruto, Décimo Junio and a group of more than sixty people, the so-called Liberators, materialized their disastrous plan -
Period: to
(Mesopotamia) Akkadian Empire
The Akkadian Empire was formed thanks to the conquests of Sargon I of Acad and had his kingdom in Mesopotamia. Among Sargon's conquests, Uruk stands out, recognized for its great walls, as well as the Sumerian cities of Umma, Ur and Lagash. The culture of the Akkadian people is based on the construction of cities, with the presence of imposing temples and palaces. In general, Akkadian art contemplates the gods and animals. The writing of this town was cuneiform