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Period: 224 to Apr 8, 651
Sasanid Empire
The Sasanid Empire was the last pre-Islamic Persian Empire, ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty The Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Arsacids and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus IV. -
Period: 250 to
Maya Civilization reaches highest state of development
According to the Mesoamerican chronology, many Maya cities reached their highest state of development during the Classic period, and continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish. -
Period: 300 to Apr 12, 1200
Ghana
Ancient Ghana encompassed what is now modern Northern Senegal and Southern Mauritania.It is thought that a number of clans of the Soninke people came together under a leader with semi-divine status, called Dinga Cisse. -
306
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and when the Turks took over, it became Istanbul. -
Period: 306 to Apr 8, 1453
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was centered on the capital of Constantinople and was ruled by emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman emperors after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. -
Apr 8, 622
Foundation of Islam
Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the holy text known as the Qur'an (a text considered by it's follwers to be the literal word of Allah. -
Apr 8, 632
Sunni - Shi'ite Split
The split between Sunni and Shit'ite started with a fight over who should lead the faithful after the prophet Muhammad's death in 632. One side believed that direct descendants of the prophet should take up the mantle of the caliph. The other side, the Sunnis, thought that any worthy man could lead the faithful, regardless of lineage, and favored Abu Bakr. -
Period: Apr 8, 661 to Apr 8, 750
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, Damascus was the capital of their Caliphate. -
Period: Apr 8, 711 to Apr 8, 1492
Muslims Conquer Spain
During an eight-year campaign most of the Iberian Peninsula was brought under Islamic rule. This territory, under the Arab name Al-Andalus, became first an Emirate and then an independent Umayyad Caliphate, the Caliphate of Córdoba, after the overthrowing of the dynasty in Damascus by the Abbasids -
Period: Apr 8, 742 to
Charlemagne
was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. -
Period: Apr 8, 750 to Apr 8, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but the Al Andalus region. -
Apr 8, 1037
Seljuk Turks come into Persia
After arriving in Asia, the Turks adopted the Persian culture and language, and established a government known as the Seljuk Dynasty. -
Period: Apr 8, 1095 to Apr 8, 1291
Crusades
The Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire waged a series of religiously sanctioned militarty campaigns to restore Christian control of the Holy Land. -
Period: Apr 8, 1138 to Apr 8, 1193
Saladin
Saladin was a Muslim, who became the Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He led the Muslims against the Crusaders and eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. -
Period: Apr 8, 1199 to Apr 8, 1353
Songhai
In 1340, the Songhai took advantage of the Mali Empire's decline and successfully asserted its independence. A civil war weakened the empire after the death of Emperor Askia Daoud. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1324
Mongol Invasions
Mongol conquests took place around the 13th century and covered much of Asia and Eastern Europe. Mongols continued to spread throughout further centuries, but remained in Asia and Eastern Europe for the 13th century. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1227
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan was the founder and emperor of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He started the Mongol invasions that would ultimately result in the conquest of most of Eurasia. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1526
Delhi Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived Islamic kingdoms or sultanates of Turkic origin in medieval India, which ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526. -
Apr 8, 1215
Magna Carta is Issued
The Magna Carta is an English charter that includes the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority. It required that King John to proclaim certain liberties, and accept that his will was not arbitrary, for example by explicitly accepting that no "freeman" could be punished except through the law of the land, a right which is still in existence today. -
Period: Apr 8, 1228 to Apr 8, 1521
Aztec Civilization
The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. -
Period: Apr 8, 1250 to Apr 8, 1517
Mamluk Sultanate
A Mamluk was a soldier of slave origin. Over time, mamluks became a powerful military caste in various Muslim societies. Particularly in Egypt, but also in the Levant, Iraq, and India, mamluks held political and military power. In some cases, they attained the rank of sultan, while in others they held regional power as amirs or beys. Most notably, mamluk factions seized the sultanate for themselves in Egypt and Syria in a period known as the Mamluk Sultanate. -
Apr 8, 1324
Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa is a famous ruler most well-known for his indulgent hajj to Mecca with a lot of gold. Mali was strengthened by Mansa Musa in ways of education, trade, and commerce. -
Period: Apr 8, 1336 to Apr 8, 1405
Timur
Timur was a conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty. He sought to restore the Mongol Empire, yet his heaviest blow was against the Islamized Tatar Golden Horde. -
Period: Apr 8, 1337 to Apr 8, 1453
Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years War was a series of wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. -
Period: Apr 8, 1368 to
Ming Empire
The Ming Empire is a Chinese dynasty following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty and was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Hans. -
Period: Apr 8, 1371 to Apr 8, 1435
Zheng He
Zheng He was a Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, collectively referred to as the "Voyages of Zheng He" -
Apr 8, 1401
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art. -
Period: Apr 8, 1438 to Apr 8, 1527
Inca Civilization Expansion
The Inca civilization has barely 1000 years of history, since the point of birth as a simple Inca Tribe on the heart of the Andes. The Incas expansion started with Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui, he was the ninth Inca ruler. He expands the Inca empire to the north, up to Ecuador and Colombia; and to the south until Chile, Bolivia and Argentina. -
Apr 8, 1440
Gutenberg Press
A device operated by applying pressure toand inked surface to transfer the ink on to paper in the form of text. It was a very relolutionary invention. -
Period: Apr 8, 1440 to Apr 8, 1505
Ivan III
Ivan III was a Grand Prince of Moscow. Sometimes referred to as the "gatherer of the Russian lands", he tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. He was one of the longest-reigning Russian rulers in history. -
Establishment of Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire existed in Central Europe for about a millenium.The multiethnic Empire's territorial extent varied over its history, but at its peak it encompassed the Kingdom of Germany, the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Burgundy. -
Period: to
Sui Empire
The Sui Empire was an ephemeral Imperial Chinese dynasty founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the Sui Dynasty capital was at Luoyang. His reign saw the reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal. -
Period: to
Tang Empire
Tang Empire founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire. The dynasty was interrupted briefly by the Second Zhou Dynasty when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, -
Period: to Apr 8, 1279
Song Empire
The Song Empire is a Chinese dynasty that was divided into two distinct periods: the Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song, the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing and the dynasty controlled most of inner China. The Southern Song refers to the period after the Song lost control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty. -
Period: to Apr 8, 1190
Mali
Mali was founded under the leadership of King Sundiata. Under his rule, the Mali Empire extended its territories very fast. After the death of Sundiata, Mansa Musa was the next great ruler who contributed to the meteoric rise of the ancient Mali Empire. -
Period: to Apr 8, 1245
Kievan Russia
Kievan Russia was a named used to identify the Medieval state of Russia. East Slavic Tribes and Scandinavian warriors were the original founders. Rus' polity is widely considered an early predecessor of three modern East Slavic nations: Belarusians, Russians and Ukrainians.