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The thinkers of the Enlightenment changed the way that people thought about the role and purpose of government in the lives of citizens. Each of them had a different point of view on what this should look like.
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Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Written during the English Civil War, it argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature could be avoided only by a strong, undivided government
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789
The Estates-General of 1789 was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm. It was the last of the Estates-General of the Kingdom of France. The Estates-General of 1789 ended when the Third Estate became a National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join. This signaled the outbreak of the French Revolution. -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution
The French Revolution began in May 1789 when the Ancien Régime was abolished in favour of a constitutional monarchy. Its replacement in September 1792 by the First French Republic led to the execution of Louis XVI in January 1793 and an extended period of political turmoil. This culminated in the appointment of Napoleon as First Consul in November 1799, which is generally taken as its endpoint. -
https://www.britannica.com/event/Tennis-Court-Oath
Tennis Court Oath, dramatic act of defiance by representatives of the non-privileged classes of the French nation (the Third Estate) during the meeting of the Estates-General (traditional assembly) at the beginning of the French Revolution. -
https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item106472.html#:~:text=On%2014%20July%201789%2C%20a,in%20the%20Revolution%20that%20followed.
On 14 July 1789, a state prison on the east side of Paris, known as the Bastille, was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. The prison had become a symbol of the monarchy's dictatorial rule, and the event became one of the defining moments in the Revolution that followed. -
https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-declaration-of-the-rights-of-man-and-of-the-citizen
On 26 August 1789, the French National Constituent Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen which defined individual and collective rights at the time of the French Revolution. -
The Haitian Revolution was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in the sovereign state of Haiti. It involved blacks, mulattoes, French, Spanish, and British participants with the ex-slave Toussaint Louverture emerging as Haiti's most charismatic hero. The revolution was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state which was both free from slavery and ruled by non-whites and former captives. It's now seen as a defining moment in history.
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enslaved Africans/free people of color in Saint-Domingue took part in the Vodou ceremony, Bois Caïman, and planned the rebellion against French authority. The rebels became reconciled to French rule following the abolition of slavery, although this alienated the island's dominant slave-owning class. France controlled the entirety of Hispaniola when a renewed rebellion began.
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One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris.
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The Directory was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the Consulate.
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The new constitution created by these moderate revolutionaries declared France to be a constitutional monarchy. Within this new government, all legislative powers went to a single Legislative Assembly, which alone had the power to declare war and raise taxes. The Legislative Assembly was an indirectly elected body.
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this war was between the Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture, and his adversary André Rigaud, who controlled the south. Louverture and Rigaud fought over de facto control of the French colony of Saint-Domingue during the war. Their conflict followed the withdrawal of British forces from the colony during the early stages of the Haitian Revolution. The war resulted in Toussaint taking control of the entirety of Saint-Domingue, and Rigaud fleeing into exile.
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Toussaint Louverture proclaimed the new constitution in Saint-Domingue and was declared Governor-General for life. The constitution attempts to establish Saint-Domingue as equal to France, asserting the colony's autonomy while still trying to receive benefits from France.
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They expelled the French from Saint-Domingue, and Dessalines, as governor-general, proclaimed the entire island of Hispaniola an independent country under the Arawak-derived name Haiti. The following September he adopted the title of emperor as Jacques I.
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this war of Independence was the revolution that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America.
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By the 19th century, many Mexicans wanted to separate from Spain and create a sovereign government that would act on behalf of their own interests much like the movement for American independence from British rule in the late 18th century.
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South American independence leader Simón Bolívar entered the city of Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida, and lead the invasion of Venezuela. he was proclaimed El Libertador
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when Peru declared independence, Spanish power was broken and Peru's independence ensured.
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While the U.S. expanded across the North American continent, Gran Colombia formed in South America. Led by Venezuelan military Libertador Simón Bolívar, Gran Colombia fought to unite regions covering present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, and parts of Peru and Brazil.
