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Human migration from Africa and first use of tools by Neanderthals.
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Humans settle in Mesopotamia. Invention of wheel and metalworking.
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Formation of planned cities. Introduction of ironwork, steel, and writing systems.
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Political power that developed the legal system, irrigation, architecture, city roads, and Christianity.
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Foundation of democracy, philosophy, mathematics, drama, and poetry.
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Middle Eastern empire that practiced Zoroastrianism before Islam and fell to Alexander the Great in 330 B.C.
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Mediterranean culture that incorporated practices and beliefs from ancient Greece and Rome; the only major power not to fall until after the Renaissance.
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This period shows most powers rebuilding after the collapse of the Roman Empire and the beginning of Islam in the Middle East.
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250-year period that saw the height of the Catholic church’s power in the Crusades.
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Period that saw the Black Plague, the beginning of European exploration and the invention of the printing press.
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Break from medieval scholasticism that incorporated Classical thought into Early Modern ideas.
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Cultural “rebirth” in art, music, literature, society, and philosophy.
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Religious movement in which Lutheranism (started by Martin Luther) broke with the Catholic church and redefined Christianity.
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Intellectual movement that is also called the Age of Reason; saw the re-examination of politics, economics and science before giving way to Romanticism in the 19th century.
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Beginning of the modern era that saw several technological innovations, including the invention of the cotton gin, the increase of city factories and mills and the completion of the Erie Canal.
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Period of revolutions around the world, including the American Revolution, French Revolution, Spanish-American Wars for Independence, Italian Revolutions, Greek War of Independence, and the Spring of Nations.
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Century of time in which France, Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United States colonized in other nations around the world.
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Reign of Queen Victoria I that saw increased urbanization, the American Civil War and the end of African slavery.
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Period in which the light bulb, the telephone, the airplane, and the Model T automobile were invented.
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Worldwide conflict centered in Europe; also known as the Great War
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Extended period of worldwide economic hardship that started with the stock market crash in 1929.
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Wartime period that began with Germany’s invasion of Poland and ends with the surrender of Japan, the last standing Axis power.
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Known as the Information Age; the period in which technological advances define social, economic and political life.