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After having constituted a National Assembly, and when the door of the room in which they will deliberate is closed by royal order, the representatives of the third state meet in the covered pediment that was used to play ball and solemnly swear not to separate until they are equipped France from a constitution
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The dismissal of Jacques Necker as Minister of Finance and the rumors about military preparations provoke the armed uprising of the Parisians, who seize rifles and cannons and surround the Bastille prison, symbol of despotism. Its governor, De Launay, opens fire on the attackers, causing a hundred deaths, but is forced to surrender and is assassinated on the spot. The rebels take over the capital. Three days later, Louis XVI recognized the new order of things
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After on August 4, in a frenzied night session, the nobility and the clergy will compete to demand the abolition of their privileges, the National Assembly approves the Declaration, the first article of which establishes that “men are born and all live equal in rights »
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Faced with the king's resistance to sanctioning the Bill of Rights, and mobilized by the high cost of living, the women of the Les Halles market led a march on Versailles that led to the assault on the royal palace. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette agree to accompany the mob back to Paris to settle in the Tuileries
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Feeling prisoners in the Tuileries, the king, queen and their children set out in disguise, according to a plan drawn up by the Swedish diplomat Fersen, in love with Marie Antoinette. After a day's journey north, where loyal troops must escort them to the other side of the border, they are discovered and detained in the town of Varennes, and from there they are returned to Paris, where they receive an icy welcome.
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The text maintains the Monarchy and grants the right of veto to a king with limited powers. The Constituent Assembly is dissolved and, after a census-based election to which the outgoing deputies cannot appear, the Legislative Assembly meets on October 1.
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At the urging of Louis XVI, who secretly seeks the defeat of his armies, the Assembly declares war "on the King of Hungary and Bohemia," to give the impression that it is not doing so against the Austrian people. Only Robespierre and a minority of deputies from the left are opposed.
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The uprising coordinated by the Parisian sections with the help of the federated arrived from Marseilles led to the seizure by arms and a strong bloodshed of the Tuileries Palace. The king and his family take refuge in the Legislative Assembly, and an Insurrectionary Commune takes control of the Paris City Council. The Assembly provisionally suspends the king and calls a National Convention.
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The alarming news about the advance of the allies towards Paris serve as a pretext for the organization of cutthroat pickets that, with the support of Marat from the Commune and with the tolerance of Danton from the Ministry of Justice, assault the prisons and cruelly murder between one thousand and fourteen hundred prisoners, including people of such importance at court as the Princess of Lamballe, whose head is displayed on the tip of a pike in front of the window of the Temple tower
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The Convention meets, declares the Monarchy abolished, and proclaims the Republic. Although only ten percent of French people exercise their right to vote, it is the first parliament in history elected by universal male suffrage in a major country.
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After being tried and condemned by the Convention, and all the maneuvers of the moderates to save his life failed, the king was guillotined in the Plaza de la Revolución at ten o'clock and twenty-two minutes. The roll of drums prevents your voice from being heard. The executioner raises his head before a shocked crowd, who learned that same morning of the murder of the deputy Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau by a former bodyguard.
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News of the military setbacks in Belgium creates a climate of unease and outrage in Paris. The deputies are divided into sections to stimulate recruitment and echo the proposal to create a court to try political crimes without possible appeal. At the same time, the list of allegedly punished with the death penalty is being expanded. There is also an attempted uprising in Paris by the Enragés, with complicity in the Jacobin Club and the Commune.
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The alliance between the Jacobins and the Enragés with the support of the Commune mobilizes the Paris sections against the moderate leaders of the Convention. A few days later the new republican Constitution is approved, which will never enter into force. The alliance between Jacobins and the Enragés with the support of the Commune mobilizes the sections of Paris against the moderate leaders of the Convention.
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The aftermath of the coup is the almost total renewal of the Committee at the beginning of July. Danton and his people are replaced by a Jacobin government led by Couthon and Saint-Just. The incorporation of Robespierre, replacing a lower-ranking deputy, culminates the arrival to power of the Jacobins and marks the beginning of the Terror.
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The deposed queen is guillotined after a mock trial in the Revolutionary Court, during which she is accused of having incestuous relations with her son.
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In its obsession to eliminate the "factions", the Public Health Committee led by Robespierre detains the leaders of the most radical sector of the revolution, led by Jacques Hébert, editor and writer of the popular newspaper Le Père Duchesne, and pushes their condemnation .
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The Committee compensates its blow against the left wing with another similar one against the so-called "indulgents", who with Danton at the head and Camille Desmoulins as journalistic spokesperson, have been demanding the end of Terror. Along with them will be guillotined various characters, such as the Spanish Andrés María de Guzmán.
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The Convention pays homage to the divinity in a ceremony in which Robespierre, as president of the Assembly, acts as pontiff for the scandal of the sectors in favor of atheism and de-Christianization.
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In the Convention an alliance is forged between the Jacobin sector that feels threatened by Robespierre and the deputies of the Plain, usually mute. Robespierre's voice is silenced when he attempts to make a speech, and he and his top aides are arrested. After a failed attempt at resistance in the Town Hall - taken by assault by troops loyal to the Commune - the Incorruptible is guillotined, along with his brother, Saint-Just, Couthon and other members of his environment.
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After a year in which the Thermidorians control the Convention, and four years of authoritarian rule through the Directory, the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire takes place, in which General Napoleon Bonaparte, recently returned from Egypt, takes power as first consul. France already has the dictator repeatedly sued by Marat.
