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The American Revolutionary War was a war that pitted the original Thirteen British Colonies in North America against the Kingdom of Great Britain. -
Representatives of those colonies signed the Declaration of Independence, a document recognizing the United States as an independent nation. -
The French Revolution was a social and political process that developed in France between 1789 and 1799 whose main consequences were the abolition of the absolute monarchy and the proclamation of the Republic, eliminating the economic and social bases of the Old Regime. -
The Napoleonic Empire was an imperial state created by the French soldier Napoleon Bonaparte, who in 1804 had himself crowned Emperor of the French. -
He was born in El Escorial, Madrid, on October 14, 1784 and died in 1833. Heir to the throne of Spain, he was excluded from participating due to the dominance exercised by Prime Minister Manuel Godoy. -
The Spanish American wars of independence were a series of armed conflicts that took place in the American territories of the Spanish Empire at the beginning of the 19th century, between the years 1809 and 1829, and in which the sides faced each other in favor of maintaining the integrity of the Spanish monarchy -
It establishes a limited Monarchy, the exercise of Legislative Power by elected Cortes, an independent administration of justice and, as a limitation on public powers, fundamental human rights. It maintains, as the circumstances of the time explain, the obligatory nature of the Catholic religion. -
The alliance of European monarchies that had defeated Napoleon Bonaparte met in Vienna on October 8, 1814 to decide the political future of the continent. The objectives of the Congress included recovering the balance of power before the French Revolution and the hegemony of the royal houses. -
The revolutions of 1820 arose as a reaction to the Restoration that occurred as a consequence of the defeat of revolutionary France, and which involved the reestablishment of the Ancien Regime and the application of the legitimist principles of the Congress of Vienna of 1815, entrusted to force and determination ... -
The Liberal Triennium or Constitutional Triennium is the period of the contemporary history of Spain that runs between 1820 and 1823, and that constitutes the intermediate stage of the three into which the reign of Ferdinand VII is conventionally divided, being after the Absolutist Sexennium (1814- 1820) -
In a message to Congress in December 1823, Monroe stated that the United States would not tolerate European intervention in the Western Hemisphere. This became known as the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine is the great legacy of James Monroe. -
The revolution began in France in 1830 and meant the overthrow of the Bourbons and the implementation of a constitutional monarchy in the hands of Louis Philippe of Orleans. Its influence expanded beyond the French borders and led to the independence of Belgium and the confrontation of Poland against the Russians. -
The Restoration, or Bourbon Restoration, is the name given to the period that began on 29 December 1874 — after a coup d'état by Martínez-Campos ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the monarchy under Alfonso XII — and ended on 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. -
Who was Isabel II of Spain?
Isabel II of Spain, called "the one of the Sad Fates" or "the Castiza Queen" (Madrid, October 10, 1830-Paris, April 9, 1904), was queen of Spain between 1833 and 1868, thank you to the repeal of the Succession Regulation of 1713 (commonly called the "Salic Law" although, technically, it was not) -
The Opium Wars or the Anglo-Chinese Wars were two military conflicts that occurred in the 19th century between the Chinese and British empires. The First lasted between 1839 and 1842. The Second, in which France became involved with the British, broke out in 1856 and lasted until 1860. -
The French Revolution of 1848 was a popular insurrection that took place in Paris from February 23 to 25, 1848. It forced King Louis-Philippe I of France to abdicate and ushered in the Second French Republic. -
The Civil War or American Civil War (in English: American Civil War, or simply Civil War in the United States) was a military conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 as a result of a controversy over slavery, dating back to to the origins of the country. -
The Meiji Restoration transformed Japan. The government became centralized around the figure of the emperor, and the political system now allowed people to pursue new opportunities. Japan also underwent rapid industrialization. -
With French help, the Piedmontese defeated the Austrians in 1859 and united most of Italy under their rule by 1861. The annexation of Venetia in 1866 and papal Rome in 1870 marked the final unification of Italy and hence the end of the Risorgimento -
The Bismarckian Systems is the name by which historians call the system of international alliances that Otto von Bismarck sponsored after the Franco-Prussian War to isolate France and thus avoid its hypothetical revenge after the defeat of 1871. -
The first unification of Germany occurred in 1871 after Prussia's victory in the Franco-Prussian War. In this unification, most of the German-speaking states of Europe united under the crown of Prussia to form the German Empire. The second unification occurred in 1990 after the end of the Cold War. -
Political regime in force in Spain from its proclamation by the Cortes on February 11, 1873, until December 29, 1874, when the pronouncement of General Martínez Campos led to the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. -
(Madrid, 1857 - El Pardo, 1885) King of Spain (1874-1885). Son of Isabel II, he accompanied his mother into exile when she was dethroned by the Revolution of 1868. In 1870, Isabel II abdicated in favor of her son; and in 1873 he left the defense of the Bourbon cause in Spain in the hands of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. -
One thing is clear—the Berlin Conference established the legal claim by Europeans that all of Africa could be occupied by whomever could take it. It also established a process for Europeans to cooperate rather than fight with each other. This cooperation played a huge role in the division and conquest of Africa. -
The Fachoda incident (1898) constituted the most critical moment in the territorial disputes in Africa between France and Great Britain. In this town, located in what is now Sudan, the French and British clashed in their attempt to build a railway line that would connect some of their African colonies. -
The Boer Wars - known as the Boer Wars in the United Kingdom and as the Boer Liberation Wars - were two armed conflicts that took place in South Africa between the British Empire and the settlers of Dutch origin - called Afrikaners, Boers or voortrekker—. -
He personally assumed the Crown when he turned sixteen years of age, on May 17, 1902. -
The First Moroccan Crisis (also known as the Tangier Crisis) refers to the international crisis over the colonial status of Morocco between March 1905 and May 1906. -
Balkan Wars, (1912–13) Two military conflicts that deprived the Ottoman Empire of almost all its remaining territory in Europe. In the First Balkan War, the Balkan League defeated the Ottoman Empire, which, under the terms of the peace treaty (1913), lost Macedonia and Albania. -
World War I, international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the U.S., the Middle East, and other regions. It led to the fall of four great imperial dynasties and, in its destabilization of European society, laid the groundwork for World War II. -
The February Revolution, which removed Tsar Nicholas II from power, developed spontaneously out of a series of increasingly violent demonstrations and riots on the streets of Petrograd (present-day St. Petersburg), during a time when the tsar was away from the capital visiting troops on the World War I front. -
The second and last major phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which the Bolshevik Party seized power in Russia, inaugurating the Soviet regime. -
In the city of Brest-Litovsk, located in modern-day Belarus near the Polish border, Russia signed a treaty with the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) ending its participation in World War I -
As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which led to the war. -
League of Nations, Organization for international cooperation established by the Allied Powers at the end of World War I.