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Around 1816, a Zulu chief, Shaka, used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state.
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The perfection of the drug quinine in 1829 eventually protected Europeans from becoming infected with this disease.
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1860s, David Livingstone, a missionary from Scotland, traveled with a group of Africans deep into central Africa to promote Christianity, but he didn’t come back
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The discoveries of diamonds in 1867
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In 1871, Henry, who is a newspaper reporter, found Dr. Livingstone on the shores of Lake Tanganyika
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In 1879, after Zulu king Cetshwayo refused to dismiss his army and accept British rule, the British invaded the Zulu nation
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Between 1879 and 1882, Stanley signed treaties with local chiefs of the Congo River valley. The treaties gave King Leopold II of Belgium control of these lands.
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In July 1879, however, the Zulus lost the Battle of Ulundi and their kingdom.
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In 1880. The discoveries of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886 in South Africa increased European interest in colonizing the continent
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1880, Europeans controlled only 10 percent of the continent’s land, mainly on the coast. Because of the strong Africa armies
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in 1882, the French had approved a treaty that gave France the north bank of the Congo River. Soon Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain were also claiming parts of Africa.
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To prevent conflict, 14 European nations meet at the Berlin Conference in 1884–85 to lay down rules for the division of
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The discoveries of and gold in 1886
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In 1910, the Boer republics were joined into a self-governing Union of South Africa, which was controlled by the British
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By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control.