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Includes the build-up and aftermath
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-He promoted repressive policies that reversed many reform measure made by his father, Alexander II.
-He promoted the persecution of Jews and the systemic Russification (forced assimilation) of minorities
-His son was ill-prepared for his rule, which had a negative effect on the Russian people's view on him, which ultimately led to the overthrowing of the czarist rule. -
-He ruled with absolute power (autocracy) with no room for democracy.
-The people were angry with him because he did not support the idea of people participating in government.
-He had a bad reputation for many reasons, one being that he failed to industrialize.
-The result of his rule got him and his family murdered by the Bolsheviks. -
-Russia and Japan competed for control of Korea and Manchuria.
-The two nations signed an agreement over the territories, but Russia broke them.
-Japan thus attacked Russia at Port Arthur.
-The news of repeated Russian loss sparked unrest at home and led to revolt. -
-As a result of Bloody Sunday, strikes and violence spread across the country.
-Duma, Russia's first parliament, was approved. The leaders were moderate who wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy.
-Nicholas II was hesitant to share his power, so he dissolved the duma after 10 weeks. This shows his greediness and thirst for power. -
-Around 200,000 workers and their families approached the Czar's winter Palace in St. Petersburg.
-They carried a petition for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature.
-Nicholas II’s generals ordered soldiers to fire on the crowd. Many were wounded and lots killed.
-This event caused waves of strikes and violence that spread across the country. -
-Nicholas II decided to bring Russia into the war.
-They were unprepared and the troops were under equipped, with no match for the German army
-Similar to the Russo-Japanese war, it revealed the weakness of the czarist rule and military leadership. -
- In 1916, he was murdered in fear of his increasing role in government affairs. -This meant that the influence he had on the ruling family was no longer, and their decisions were not to be questioned.
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-Women textile workers in Petrograd led a citywide strike. In the following days, riots flared up over shortages of bread and fuel. At first the soldiers obeyed orders to shoot the rioter, but later sided with them.
-The March Revolution forced Czar Nicholas II to step down from the throne.
-As a result, a provisional government was established, which was later overthrown by the Bolsheviks. -
-The provisional government toppled and Lenin and the Bolsheviks are in power.
-The Bolshevik government also signed a truce with Germany to stop all fighting.
-The terms of the treaty between Russia and Germany angered many Russians. -
-The Bolsheviks now face a new challenge, stamping out their enemies at home.
-The opponents formed the White Army, which was made of very different groups. The only similarity between these groups was to defeat the Bolsheviks.
-In the end, the red army crushed all opposition. The victory showed that the Bolsheviks were able both to seize power and to maintain it. -
-Competition for heading up the Communist Party.
-Most notably, were Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. Stalin was cold, hard and impersonal.
-Stalin began his climb to the head of government between 1922 and 1927. As General Secretary of the Communist Party, he worked behind the scenes to move his supporters into positions of power. -
-Bolshevik leaders saw nationalism as a threat to unity and party loyalty.
-In 1922, the country was named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), in honor of the council's that helped launch the Bolshevik Revolution.
-The use of a classless society was not good for the Russian people in the long run. -
-Lenin's death opened a gateway for Stalin to have total command of the Communist Party.
- Stalin now stood poised to wield absolute power as a dictator -
-When he was exiled, he was no longer a threat to Stalin in his climb to power.
-This meant that Lenin had full control of the Communist Party, using his voice alone. Without the threat of one to overthrow Stalin, there is no fear in his choices, leaving the Russian people at risk.