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Time period when Czar Alexander III ruled Russia. Czar Alexander III continued to use the principles of autocracy. To prevent revolutions, he used harsh measures and made strict censorship codes on published materials and oppressed other national groups within Russia. The successor of Alexander III was Nicholas II which Nicholas II would continue the ways of autocracy and ultimately start the revolution.
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Time period when Czar Nicholas II ruled Russia. During this period, Russia had industrialized but not as much as other western European countries. Czar Nicholas II stuck to the system of autocracy and was blind to the changing times in Russia. Nicholas enforced heavy regulations on the Russian people, Russians had to work in harsh conditions in factories while only getting low wages. These events were part of the causes in the start of the revolution.
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The Russo-Japanese War was a war fought between Russia and Japan. Japan was a recently industrialized nations roughly equivalent to the rest of the industrialized countries in the time. Japan had the advantage in the land being fought and could easily move troops into battle and had control of the sea near it while Russia could only resupply and reinforce its troops through railway systems. The poor management over the Russian Army caused Russia to lose the war embarrassing the Russian.
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In response to protests, Czar Nicholas II created the Duma which was a legislative assembly that had part of the power in the government. In reality, Nicholas II created the duma in hopes to stop the uprisings and protests and the duma had little power in the government. This only frustrated the higher classes as the Duma was essentially pointless and lowered their reputation with Nicholas II. -
On January 22, 1905, unhappy with the current state and working conditions in Russia, many Russians walked to the czar's palace to protest for change. The Russians protested peacefully however the guards at the palace opened fire upon the protesters. Many were injured and around 100 people were killed. This event became known as Bloody Sunday. The event caused uprising in multiple parts of Russia and is part of the cause for the revolution. -
On 1914, Russian joined World War l. Although Russia had a large amount of troops in their army, Russia was still behind in industrialization. Russia struggled with resupplying its troops with items and pulled out of the war near the end. The poor management of the war in Russia caused more uprisings, people in Russia wanted change and an end to the war.
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On December 12, 1916, Rasputin was killed by Russian nobles who didn't want him in control over political affairs. Rasputin was a self proclaimed holy man and claimed to have healing and future predicting abilities. Rasputin however before his death, predicted that the entire czar family will die in less than a two year time span after his death which ultimately became true when the czar family's reputation decreased and were executed during the revolution. -
The Russian Provisional Government was a provisional government established after the abdication of Nicholas II. The goal of the provisional government was to manage and organize political affairs temporarily. The provisional government however made large decisions such as continuing to fight in WWI and land reforms were postponed making the government largely unpopular. -
When Lenin returned to Russia, Lenin and his Bolshevik supporters took control of the capital, Moscow. Lenin wanted to protect the revolution at all costs and executed anyone who imposed the revolution. Lenin and the Bolsheviks created the Red Army to fight off against the Germans. After WWI, the Red Army then went to fight against the White Army in the Russian civil war. In the end, the Red Army won but took massive losses in lives, Russia soon became the USSR.
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In the Russian civil war, the Bolsheviks with the Red Army fought against the White Army which was made up of different groups including conservatives who wanted to restore the monarchy, anti-Bolsheviks, and Allies from other countries. The White Army outnumbered the Red Army in soldiers however the White Armies were separated by distance, plus the Bolsheviks had control of the industrial heartland so the White Army ran out of supplies. In the end, The White Army was defeated by the Red Army.
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In 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed, the Bolsheviks renamed their party to the communist party. When Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin took his place and became a dictator of the USSR. -
Lenin died in 1924, after his death there were two competitors to replace Lenin's death, Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. Stalin won and soon became a dictator in the USSR. Stalin ruled with power and was paranoid about himself, he would execute and assassinate anyone who was against him or opposed him. Joseph Stalin would then rule the USSR through WWII and the Cold War. -
Joseph Stalin began his climb to power in the communist party and became general secretary of the communist party in 1922. By 1928, Stalin had full control of the communist party and became a dictator; Stalin was cold, harsh and impersonal, during the early days of the Bolshevik, he changed his name to Stalin which meant “man of steel”. Joseph Stalin was an important part to the USSR and with the involvement in WWII.
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After Lenin's death, people in the communist party needed a new leader to take his place. There were two contesters, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Leon Trotsky was the commander of the Red Army and led them to win the revolution in 1920. However, Joseph Stalin won and became the leader of the communist party, Stalin then exiled Trotsky in 1929 under paranoia. Joseph Stalin went as far as to assassinate Trotsky in Mexico in 1940.