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The Two Treatises of Government is a book by John Locke. It mentions how there should be no divine right of kings, natural rights need to be protected, the best government is a constitutional monarchy. This was during the Enlightenment era, and it is also an era revolutionist examined. John Lockes ideas can be found over the 3 revolution eras, showing his work influenced independence in Latin and South America, natural rights in France, and end of slavery in Haiti.
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The Sprit Laws of Laws was a book published by Montesquieu. It had many topics, but some of the more chief ones were favoring a constitutional monarchy, separation of powers, ending slavery, and conserving liberty. These ideas all fall into the 3 revolution time periods. His book influenced the idea of changing into a better society, leading to revolutions that were driven by the Spirit of Laws.
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On the first day of 1758 the Social Contract was published. This contract had a main idea of saying that there should be an agreement between the people and the government called laws. These laws should be fair and equal to everyone. The Social Contract helped inspire political reforms, also known as revolutions. It is what helped people understand how the freedoms of the people should be set up, and this realization influenced the French Revolution.
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In 1774, king Louis becomes king of France. He was a major part of the revolution, being the king of an absolute monarch in a nation that opposed it. His actions of distributing taxes and running away to the point of his death all influenced the French revolution. The revolution was against his, so he was later executed, but that execution also effected the revolution. King Louis XVI greatly impacted the French Revolution.
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In order for King Louis XVI to get more money, he had to raise taxes. Since the 3rd Estate could not afford to pay anymore, he taxed the 2nd Estate, which responded in an angry manner. They decided to call an Estates-General meeting to discuss taxes, where they locked the 3rd Estate out. This meeting shows the anger of the 2nd Estate and the power the king had over all others.
https://www.historycrunch.com/estates-general-of-1789.html#/ -
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When an Estates-General meeting was called to discuss taxes, King Louis XVI and the 1st and 2nd Estates kept the 3rd Estate out of the it. The 3rd Estate broke into an abandoned tennis court and decided they were not going to leave until they crated a new constitution for the nation of France. The promise they made to create a new constitution was called the Tennis Court Oath. The event signified their response to the Enlightenment principles.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Tennis-Court-Oath -
King Louis hired the swift Guard to protect him after the Tennis Court Oath was signed. The people of Paris believed they were going to die by the soldiers, so they gathered materials from an old prison to protect themselves. This prison was called the Bastille. It held materials such as gunpowder, leading to people being more at ease, knowing they have items to keep themselves safe. This event represented the fear the revolution bought.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bastille -
In order to protect themselves, people took resources from an old prison. However, during that summer, the peasants of France murdered the people of the 2nd Estate. This was due to the unfairness the peasants received, causing them to revolt. This was called the Great Fear. It showed the things people would do to protect themselves and their rights.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Fear -
The Tennis Court Oath led to a new constitution. It was called the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and it gave everyone fair and equal rights. The declaration was inspired by the U.S Declaration of Independence and Enlightenment thinkers. The publication of this document was significant step for the 3rd Estate and France in general. The government of France changed drastically that day.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Declaration-of-the-Rights-of-Man-and-of-the-Citizen -
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A wealthy colony of France had about 500,000 slaves who were there when the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen was published. They were thrilled at the idea of freedom, but they struggled to use it to their benefit. This began a revolt led by the slaves. This revolt also scared whites leading them to killing slaves. This event shows the impact of the declaration and the want of slaves to get freedom.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Haitian-Revolution -
Other than the lack of independence in Latin and South America, people were also unhappy based on how they were treated and their social status. King Louis XVI giving equal political rights to the mulattoes is a marking point for the revolution. It shows how it slowly grew and made a difference. This event not only was a positive change, but a symbolism of growth and change.
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France became a constitutional monarchy and King Louis XVI kept vetoing laws, leading to the people disliking him to the point where the king and his family tried to run away. However, they were caught and put in jail. The king was then executed for being a traitor to the revolution.This event shows how fast the fight for freedom and fairness was moving, along with the actions that had to be made for the revolution to continue.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/king-louis-xvi-executed -
As the revolution grew, people who were thought to be enemies of the revolution were executed, with insignificant evidence. This was the doing of Robespierre, who claimed in order for the revolution thrive, enemies needed to be eliminated. This was called the Reign of Terror and it was a period of violence. This event caused a significant about of disturbance, but also led to a new constitution being drafted.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror -
In 1794, slavery was outlawed in French colones. This event was a big step for France and the Haitian Revolution, given France was the first European country to officially outlaw slavery. As the revolution moved on, this event signified a crucial point for people of color. The revolution starting with ex- slaves and leading to slavery being abolished in French colonies is a marking point, giving a sense of accomplishment to people of color.
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As the Reign of Terror grew, people grew tired and scared of the situation. Robespierre was an influential part of the French Revolution. He was a radical leader, but also inspiring to the people of France. Although he was with the revolution, his actions such as the Reign of Terror brought him to be executed. This event shows a movement to the revolution and its actions needed to succeeded. It also shows the complication of how a revolutionist was still yet executed.
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After France fell from Robespierre and the death of the king, a new constitution was drafted. This constitution created a five man group called the Directory. They restored order in France, set up good school, helped the economy recover, and made peace with other nations. This event shows how France slowly started to build its self back up again with the proper leadership.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Directory-French-history -
Toussaint L'Ouverture and his ally, Andre Riguad had control of the Spanish and French island, but they soon fought over power. It was L'Ouverture and his poor former slaves were against Riguad and his more richer and well educated slaves. This was called the War of Knives. It later on ended when L'Ouverture won with the help of the English. This event shows how the want of power influenced violence and revolutions.
http://faculty.webster.edu/corbetre/haiti/history/revolution/revolution3.htm -
Before the revolution was declared over, violence erupted. People who were thought to be enemies of the revolution were executed. This was the doing of Robespierre, but people got tired of his doing and executed him. This led to a new constitution being drafted. This event led to the end of unfairness and lack of freedom from an absolute monarchy, also leading to the end of the French Revolution.
https://www.history.com/topics/france/french-revolution -
After L'Ouverture won the war and gained power, he created a new constitution in which all citizens had equal rights. He also made himself leader for life and abolished slavery and voodoo. This angered the people on the island and Napolean who had taken control of France. This constitution showed the progression of the Haitian Revolution along with the power L'Ouverture had.
http://www.iconnectblog.com/2013/01/the-first-haitian-constitution/ -
As the Haitian Revolution came to an end, Dessalines created the flag of Haiti. This was Haiti's first flag as an independent nation and is a symbol of their freedom. The revolution was built around wanting independence and freedom. Once the flag was created, it showed an end to the battle for independence. This event established the end of the Haitian Revolution and created an item of historical significance.
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Dessalines had power in Haiti and used it to declare St. Dominigue to be the first independent nation of former slaves. He abolished slavery and gave the island it's rightful name, Haiti. Also, since no white people could own land, no European or American nations would trade with them. Haiti was still economically bound to France as it still had debt to pay off. This signified the freedom of Haitian people and the end of it's revolution.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/haitian-rev -
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The people of Mexico were starting to push for independence. They learned about the U.S Declaration and the thoughts of Enlightenment thinkers. After independence was declared, the push to improve Mexicans lives stayed. Along with this, liberal ideas developed in Spain, which feared a creole, leading to him removing the minister, but later being kicked out. This event shows the relationship between Mexico and Spain.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mexican-war-of-independence-begins -
Simon Bolivar was a revolutionist. He freed nations from Spanish control leading to his nickname, "The Liberator". Starting in 1810, he tried to free his home country of Venezuela, but did not succeed, leading him to flee to Haiti. He tried again by attacking the Spanish from over the Andes Mountains and that time, he won. Given the revolutions were because of wanting independence, Bolivar greatly influenced the end of the Revolutions.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Simon-Bolivar -
Simon Bolivar used continued on to other nations such as Peru. By the end of 1812, Bolivar had released multiple nations from the Spanish control. The independence of Peru started with another revolutionist named Jose de San Martin. However, Bolivar finished the fight for independence for unknown reasons. This event signified how nations were slowly gaining their independence and how their independence was gained.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru/Achievement-of-independence -
As Simon Bolivar moved his way across South America freeing nations, he freed Venezuela and Ecuador. These two nations were a part of the nations that made up Gran Columbia. This event happened signified the relationships between countries and their willingness to work together.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Gran-Colombia
