The Old: Kingdom Early Dynastic Period to the First Intermediate Period / The Middle Kingdom: First Intermediate Period to the Second Intermediate Period

By Daniel.Siaw
  • 3300 BCE

    The use of Hieroglyphs

    The ancient Egyptians believed that writing was invented by the god Thoth and called their hieroglyphic script. Egyptian hieroglyphic system is believed to be from about 3300 or 3200 BC.
  • 3100 BCE

    Narmer

    Narmer was a pharaoh of the 1st Dynasty in the Early Dynastic Period. He was the first pharaoh to unite the lands of Upper and Lower Egypt.
  • 3100 BCE

    Civil War: Reunification Upper and Lower Egypt

    Narmer reunites both Upper and Lower Egypt
  • 2890 BCE

    Civil War: Death of Qa'a

    After the death of Qa'a, the last pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt, a small war broke out to decide the next pharaoh. The is would lead to the succession Hotepsekhemwy
  • 2690 BCE

    Civil War: Khasekhemwy reunited Egypt

    Khasekhemwy reunited Egypt after a period of a fragmented political climate
  • 2686 BCE

    Djoser

    Djoser was a pharaoh of the 3rd Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. He built the Step Pyramid as part of his necropolis at Saqqara.
  • 2600 BCE

    Snefru

    Snefru was a pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty in the time of the Old Kingdom. He is responsible for changing the orientation of the Pyramid's to east-west
  • 2589 BCE

    Khufu

    Khufu was a pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty, during the Old Kingdom, and he is responsible for the Great Pyramids of Giza, which still remains as the largest pyramid ever built
  • 2570 BCE

    Khafre

    Khafre was a pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty. He built the second largest pyramid at Giza.
  • 2460 BCE

    Neferefre

    Neferefre, was a pharaoh of the 5th Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. It is beilieved that his reign was short because his pyramids only reached the lower level
  • 2150 BCE

    Civil War: Due to 4.2kiloyear

    A civil war broke out after a 4.2 kiloyear which is an acidification event that leads to drought. This triggered famines, social disorder ultimately lead to conflict
  • 2140 BCE

    Civil War: Coup d'état against Neferkare III

    During the reign of Neferkare III, the nomarch of Hieraconopolis Ankhtifi, led a coalition of his nome and Edfu against Thebes.
  • 2134 BCE

    Centralised Government at Thebes

    Egypt's central government moved when the pharaoh changed his/her capital. The central officials worked out of the royal compound. Thebes served as a government and religious capital for centuries.
  • 1971 BCE

    Senusret I

    Senusret I was a pharaoh from the 12th Dynasty in the Middle Kingdom. His reign was a time of peace with no records of military campaigns found
  • 1705 BCE

    Civil War: Death of Nehesy Aasehre

    After the death of Nehesy Aasehre a small civil war
  • 1550 BCE

    Valley of Kings

    The Pyramids of Giza and the Nile Delta were the tombs of choice for pharaohs of Egypt's Old Kingdom. But New Kingdom pharaohs, who wanted to be closer to the source of their dynastic roots in the south. Instead of build grand pyramids, they chose to build crypts in the hillsof Luxor, now called the Valley of the Kings.