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Great Britain and Prussia defeated Napoleon and was sent to exile to Saint Helena.
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Louis XVIII was named king. He issued a constitution =equality for citizens, elected legislature and religious freedom and Napoleonic Code
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Opposition to Napoleon grew among the conquered and allied peoples of Europe, developing a sense of nationalism.
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Napoleon was at the height of his power. He controlled an empire that stretched from France to the borders of Russia and helped spread the ideas of the French Revolution across Europe.
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Napoleon sent an army of 500,000 men to Russia, after the winter less that 100,000 returned from Russia.
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Napoleon invaded Spain and placed his brother, Joseph, as king.
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He defeated Austria and Russia at Austerlitz.
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He was crowned as emperor and starting the period known as First French Empire
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He gained absolute power, made all citizens to pay taxes, created National Bank of France, lycée system of education, Code of Napoleon (equal law) and freedom of religion.
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Napoleon carried out a coup d´état and create the Consulate
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Created a new constitution with censataria suffrage. This regime had very much support, but France society was divided in Radicals and Royalists.
France achieved many victories thanks to Napoleon. -
Robespierre lose support in 1794, moderate revolutionaries arrested and executed him by guillotine. A new moderate government created The Directory.
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The government judge the king for treason and he and his wife were executed, Britain and Dutch Republic joined Austria and Prussia against France in the First Coalition. (Girondins, Jacobins)
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The Jacobins took advantage of this and took power. His ruling was known of the great violence he applied.
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Due to several defeats in the war, the political situation became more radical and the royal family was taken prisoner.
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New elections
Universal male sufrague was guaranteed, the government called National Convention, this was more radical.
Convention abolished monarchy and France became a republic. -
- Abolition of the tithe and feudal rights
- Publication of the DRMC
- Writing of the first Constitution of France
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King accept the new constitution: Legislative Assembly, which was a moderate government.
Within France:
- Nobles and clergy: were against the new reforms.
-Radical revolutionaries: deeper and more democratic changes.
Austria and Prussia declared war on France. -
- 14 of July: people attacked the Bastille (symbol of the Revolution)
- Peasants attacked nobles in the countryside.
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Louis XVI summoned the Estates General, trying to reconnect the political and economic crisis.
Third Estate abandoned the Estates General and formed a National Assembly, promising to create a constitution.
