The Emergence of Human Communities By Henry Wittenwyler 4500 BCE Early agriculture in Nubia [African] 2600 BCE Beginning of Indus Valley civilization [Asia (India)] 2575 BCE Old Kingdom [African (Egypt)] {Start} Period: 2500 BCE to 2000 BCE 2500 - 2000 BCE 2350 BCE Akkadian (Semetic) [Mesopotamian] {Start} 2230 BCE Akkadian (Semitic) [Mesopotamian] {End} 2134 BCE Old Kingdom [African (Egypt)] {End} 2112 BCE Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian) [Mesopotamian] {Start} 2040 BCE Middle Kingdom reigns in Egypt [Africa] {Start} 2004 BCE Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian) [Mesopotamian] {End} 2000 BCE Horses in use spreads all over western Asia 2000 BCE Rise of Minoan civilization on Crete; early Greeks arrive in Greece [Mediterranean] Period: 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE 2000 - 1500 BCE 1900 BCE Old Babylonian (Semitic) [Mesopotamian] {Start} 1800 BCE Abraham migrated to Canaan [Middle Eastern] 1750 BCE Shang dynasty [Asian (China)] {Start} 1700 BCE Hittites dominant in Anatolia [Mediterranean] {Start} 1640 BCE Middle Kingdom reigns in Egypt [Africa] {End} 1640 BCE Hyksos dominate northern Egypt [African] {Start} 1600 BCE Old Babylonian (Semitic) [Mesopotamian] {End} 1600 BCE Rise of Mycenaean civilization in Greece [Mediterranean] 1532 BCE Hyksos dominate northern Egypt [African] {End} 1532 BCE Beginning of New Kingdom [African] 1500 BCE Hittites develop iron metallurgy [Mesopotamia] 1500 BCE Kassite ruled in Mesopotamia {Start} Period: 1500 BCE to 1000 BCE 1500 - 1000 BCE 1450 BCE Destruction of Minoan palaces in Crete [Mediterranean] 1250 BCE Israelite occupation of Canaan [Middle Eastern] {Start} 1200 BCE Destruction of Mycenaean centers in Greece [Mediterranean] {Start} 1200 BCE Hittites dominant in Anatolia [Mediterranean] {End} 1200 BCE Kings of Kush control Egypt [African] 1200 BCE Israelite occupation of Canaan [Middle Eastern] {End} 1150 BCE Destruction of Mycenaean centers in Greece [Mediterranean] {End} 1150 BCE Kassite ruled in Mesopotamia {End} 1150 BCE Philistines settle southern coast of Israel [Middle Eastern] 1045 BCE Zhou dynasty [Asian (China)] {Start} 1045 BCE Shang dynasty [Asian (China)] {End} 1000 BCE Origin of Celtic culture in Central Europe 1000 BCE Initial development of pastoral nomadism [Asian] 1000 BCE Jerusalem made Israelite capital [Middle Eastern] 1000 BCE Iron metallurgy reaches the Mediterranean Period: 1000 BCE to 500 BCE 1000 - 500 BCE 969 BCE Hiram of Tyre comes to power [Middle Eastern] 960 BCE Solomon builds First Temple [Middle Eastern] 920 BCE Division into two kingdoms of Israel and Judah [Middle Eastern] 911 BCE Rise of Neo-Assyrian Empire [Mesopotamian] 814 BCE Foundation of Carthage [Mediterranean] 750 BCE Kings of Kush control Egypt [African] 721 BCE Assyrian conquest of northern kingdom [Mesopotamian] 712 BCE Nubian kings rule Egypt[African] {Start} 701 BCE Assyrian humiliation of Tyre [Mesopotamian] 700 BCE Scythians drive out Cimmerians and settle area north of Black Sea [Asian] 671 BCE Assyrian conquest of Egypt [Mesopotamian and African] 660 BCE Nubian kings rule Egypt[African] {End} 626 BCE Neo- Babylonian kingdom [Mesopotamian] {Start} 612 BCE Fall of Assyria [Mesopotamian] 600 BCE Iron metallurgy in China [Asian] 587 BCE Capture of Jerusalem [Middle Eastern] 551 BCE Life of Confucius [Asian (China)] {Start} 550 BCE Rivalry of Carthaginians and Greeks in the western Mediterranean {Start}} 539 BCE Neo- Babylonian kingdom [Mesopotamian] {End} 515 BCE Deportees from Babylon return to Jerusalem [Mesopotamian] 500 BCE Celtic elites trade for Mediterranean goods 500 BCE Migrations across Europe {Start} 479 BCE Life of Confucius [Asian (China)] {End} 450 BCE Hanno the Phoenician explores West Africa [African] 450 BCE Completion of Hebrew Bible [Middle Eastern] 440 BCE Greek historian Herodotus reports on nomadic Scythians [Mediterranean] 390 BCE Celts sack Rome [European] 356 BCE Lord Shang brings Legalist reforms to Qin state [Asian (China)] {Start} 338 BCE Lord Shang brings Legalist reforms to Qin state [Asian (China)] {End} 300 BCE Rivalry of Carthaginians and Greeks in the western Mediterranean {End} 300 BCE Kingdom of Meroë [African] {Start} 300 BCE Migrations across Europe {End} 300 BCE Ruler of Chinese state of Zhao equips troops like nomad horsemen [Asian (China)] 221 BCE Zhou dynasty [Asian (China)] {End} 350 Kingdom of Meroë [African] {End}