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Nation states: A sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.
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When Philip II granted charters to many towns, introducing them to national tax, and quadrupled the royal land holdings.
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King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta (great charter) and it did 2 important things. 1) forced monarchs to obey the laws and 2) gave nobles rights, that were later extended to all free-men.
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Louis IX was a religious man, and a king. Louis improved the royal government, expanded the royal courts, and to ensure justice he heard cases himself. All of which create a strong national feeling among his people.
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The Model Parliament developed into a two-house body one for the lords and the other for commons and knights. With the power that it has is can keep the power of the monarchs in check.
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Henry VII wins the War of the Roses in England, begins the Tudor dynasty, and starts the development of the English nation-state.
