Spanish By gonzalez lilia Period: 1137 BCE to 1139 1137 The Kingdom of Aragon is formed. Period: 1139 to 1468 The Kingdom of Portugal is first established on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula Period: 1478 to 1479 The Spanish Inquisitions begins Period: 1520 to 1521 Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztecs Empire in Mexico. . Period: 1618 to 1701 The Thirty Years' War begins.