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Oct/Nov Revolution
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Stalin was in the Politburo with Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamanev, Bukharin and 2 others.
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New Economic Policy is implemented
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The troika consisting of Kamanev, Stalin, Zinoviev against Trotsky - Started a 'whispering campaign' concerning Trotsky's non-Bolshevik past.
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He re-elected a new Central Committee of 40 members (3 members only be strong supporters of Trotsky). He began replacing Trotsky's supporters with those loyal to him.
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Lenin's wife revealed he testament to the central committee with a clear recommendation for Stalin's dismissal. Zinoviev and Kamenev decided not to read Lenin's testament out because they believed Stalin to be weak and because the testament would help Trotsky and they didn't want him to win. They also wanted the party to stick together.
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He did this through a process of indirect election of delegates in a conference in which condemned the views of Trotsky and the 46 and accused them of disloyalty to the Politburo.
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Publication of Trotsky's speeches and writings of 1917 resurface and spark off another dispute. It showed how close his views were to Lenin's and how Zinoviev and Kamenev opposed Lenin and only Stalin seemed not guilty in these offences.
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- Stalin tricks Trotsky to miss the funeral
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Crisis in rural Russia -- shortages, high prices fixed by state (forced requisition in some places) Those lenient with the kulaks are Bukharinists...they are removed from power (Trotsky's policies are being implemented Food crisis is worse, Stalin renews leftward course
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- Emphasis on all industries (coal, iron, steel, oil, machine production, etc.)
- Plan to increase industry by 300%
- Emphasized goal of increasing light industry/ electricity
- New factories built in areas where there weren't any before
- Transformed Soviet economy
- Although major growth was made, goals were not met (Lasted only 4 years due to false reports)
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- Emphasis on heavy industry
- Building on achievements of 1st five year plans ( intended to create a fully socialist economy)
- Made Soviet Union self-sufficient in machine-production, iron and steel output
- Increased labor productivity ( industries had model workers, awards, medals)
- Stopped rationing from Collectivization (1935)
- 5000 new enterprises compared to 2000 in the 1st plan
- Growth came to a stop in 1937 as the purges saw many manager and experts imprisoned or executed
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Started with Kirov's assassination
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- Emphasis on heavy industry and defense
- 1st 2 plans were the foundation and the 3rd would transform the USSR into communism
- Lasted only until 1941 due to German invasion
- Industrial production overall increased and helped Soviet Union defeat Germany
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Finland vs USSR (Hitler thought the USSR was weak)
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Within a week
- Red Army's Defence Smashed
- Equipment + Supplies destroyed / captured (not all of it)
- 1/3 of air force destroyed
- 500,000 taken prisoner -
- Germans launched an attack on Moscow
- Moscow and soviet union saved by a couple of things
- Serious defeats suffered by Red Army led to Zhukov taking over command on western front
- Siberian Troops
- Russian Weather
- Lack of food due to scorching
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- 4 million dead/captured
- lost a lot of equipment
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Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union. Stalin's moral was "down". He prohibited every army soldiers to be captured or leave.
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- Stalin wanted everything (land, food sources, crops, etc.) burned so that the Germans couldn't use it
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- at times they had most of Stalingrad
- incredible soviet resitance
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After the siege of Leningrad, the Germans surrendered and left.