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Formation of an independent Italy
Formation of an independent Italy is the process of unifying the separate states of the Italian peninsula into a single independent nation-state in the 19th century. This unification was achieved through a series of military campaigns, political negotiations and socio-economic reforms. -
Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy
The Papal States were the territories under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope from 754 to 1870, when they were annexed by the newly formed nation of Italy. They included most of the modern regions of Lazio, Umbria, Marche, and parts of Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany. -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
The First Italo-Ethiopian War was a war fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire from 1895-1896, which resulted in an Ethiopian victory at the Battle of Adowa (Adwa). This defeat of the Italian forces marked a turning point in the history of Ethiopia, leading to its recognition as an independent state. -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
Italy invades and takes over Libya is the process of the Italian military entering the country of Libya and controlling it as a colony, in order to gain political, economic, or strategic advantages. -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
Benito Mussolini was an Italian politician and journalist who began working as the editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti in 1912. Beginning his path towards becoming the country's dictator. -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW I
expulsion of Italian politician Benito Mussolini from the Italian Socialist Party in 1914 for his increasingly pro-nationalistic stance regarding Italy's involvement in World War I. This move effectively marked Mussolini's shift from socialism to fascism. -
Treaty of London
The Treaty of London, signed on April 26, 1915, was a secret agreement between Italy, Britain, France, and Russia during World War I. It promised Italy territorial gains at the expense of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in exchange for Italy's entry into the war on the side of the Allies. -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
The beginning of Biennio Rosso the period of political and social unrest in Italy between 1919 and 1920. It was a time of major labor and social unrest, marked by worker strikes and demonstrations, as well as the rise of socialist and anarcho-syndicalist movements. -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
The Fascio di Combattimento was founded by Mussolini and his supporters in the aftermath of World War I. It was an ultranationalist organisation that intended to appeal to war veterans from across the political spectrum. This image shows some of the members of the Fascio di Combattimento Formed in Milan. -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
D'Annunzio freely admitted a comic element to the rigmarole in Fiume on 12 September 1919. He claimed to have only made the final decision to take the city from his sick-bed. This image shows D’Annunzio giving orders with his power. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
For the national elections, Giovanni Giolitti proposed an electoral coalition to the fascists—the antisocialist National Bloc. Mussolini was one of the 35 fascists elected here. This image shows Mussolini and Giolitti marching together. -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist Party) and is elected its leader
On November 9th, 1921, Mussolini, the party's founder, established the PNF. Mussolini had political sway over the government as the elected leader. This image represents the PNF flag. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
A planned march in which fascists occupied town halls, train stations, and phone booths around northern Italy. On October 29, 1922, the king was advised to nominate Mussolini, and he did so. This photo represents Mussolini leading the March on Rome. -
Acerbo Law passed
Giacomo Acerbo proposed an electoral law that would provide the party with the most votes two-thirds of the parliamentary seats. This law was created with the intention of giving the fascists a majority of seats. This photo shows Giacomo Acerbo who played a big role in the creation of this law. -
Corfu Incident
Greece and Italy were at odds on the Greek island of Corfu. The killing of Italians who were a member of a delegation led to the short-lived takeover of this region by Italian forces. This image shows the Italian soldiers occupying Corfu. -
Matteotti Crisis
Giacomo Matteotti was a socialist who openly opposed fascist brutality and electoral fraud. He was kidnapped in Rome and many people disassociated themselves from Mussolini's administration when he was believed to have been murdered. This photo is significant because it shows what people thought of Matteotti and the eventual outcome for him. -
Aventine Secession
This photo is significant because it displays the people of Italy rallying against Mussolini. It is representee of the purpose of the March, showing how the people declare themselves the true democratic representatives of the Italian people, not Mussolini. -
Battle for Grain
This image was chosen because it shows the self-sufficiency in wheat that Italy had. Representing the ideal of autarchy Mussolini strived for. Although Italy was self-sufficient in wheat it weakened other aspects of Italy's economy preventing autarchy. -
Locarno Treaty signed
This image was chosen because it symbolizes the unity of the European nations trough the rally of congressman, which is what the Locarno Treaty was meant to achieve. -
Battle for Land and Battle for the Lira
This image is significant because it shows the poor succces of the Battle for Land and the Battle for the Lira. It represents the failures through the recessions caused by the Battle for the Lira and the limited success from the Battle for Land by only being able to claim the Pontine Marshes. -
Battle for Births
This image is significant because it represents the purpose of the Battle for Births which is to create a future army for Italy. This was done through incentivizing people to have children and punishing those who do not. -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed
This image was chosen because it shows how Treaty was mostly unsuccessful in preventing future conflicts such as World War, through the candle blowing in the man's face who is representing the Kellogg-Briand Treaty. -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
This image was chosen because it shows the unification of Mussolini and the church. The Church supporting Mussolini gave him more power and support from the Italian people, although the Church prevented Mussolini from a total dictatorship. -
Stresa Front
This image is significant because it shows the agreement of Britain, France and Italy to work together against Germany. -
Abyssinian Crisis
This photo of a map showing how Italian forces invaded Abyssinia is a good choice of visual for the Abyssinian Crisis because it provides a clear and concise illustration of the conflict. This map shows the locations where the Italian forces attacked, how they advanced through the Ethiopian territory, and the scale of the Italian invasion. This visual can help viewers understand the scope and severity of the conflict and its impact on the region. -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty signed
The picture of Hitler and Mussolini shaking hands is a good significant visual representation of the Rome-Berlin Axis Alliance because it shows the alliance between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy during World War II. The photograph captures the moment when the leaders of the two nations met and agreed to cooperate militarily and politically. The handshake represents a symbolic joining of forces between two of the most powerful nations in Europe at the time. -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
The hand figure symbolizes Italy's military intervention in the war in Spain, with the Italian flag colors emphasizing the nationalism that fueled Italy's participation. The military personnel inside the hand figurine highlight the role of Italian soldiers and military equipment in supporting the Nationalist forces, emphasizing the country's military might and willingness to intervene in the affairs of another country. -
Munich Conference
The picture of world leaders such as the leaders of Britain, Germany, France, and Italy sitting down together is significant because it captures the moment when these leaders reached an agreement known as the Munich Agreement, which allowed Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia in exchange for a promise of peace. The picture symbolizes the attempt by these world leaders to avoid a war and maintain peace in Europe. -
Italy invades Albania
The picture of a map of Italy and Albania is significant because it represents how Italy invaded Albania. The arrows from Italy to Albania depict the military movement of Italian forces into Albania, indicating the direction and magnitude of the invasion. This picture is significant because it shows the aggressive expansionist policies of Mussolini's fascist regime, which sought to expand Italy's territorial control in the Balkans and Mediterranean. -
Italy enters WW II on side of Germany
The picture of Mussolini and Hitler saluting to soldiers is significant because it represents Italy's entry into World War II on the side of Germany. It depicts the close alliance between Italy and Nazi Germany, their shared fascist ideologies, and their aggressive militaristic goals. This image symbolizes Italy's willingness to join the war effort and participate in the Axis powers' expansionist campaigns, which ultimately resulted in the devastation of Europe and the loss of millions of lives. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WW II
The newspaper headline "Mussolini flees, caught, prisoner" is significant because it represents the downfall of Mussolini's fascist regime in Italy during World War II. The headline indicates that Mussolini, who had led Italy into war on the side of the Axis powers, was captured and became a prisoner. The newspaper headline is significant because it shows the turning point in the war and the weakening of the Axis powers. -
Mussolini killed
This picture was chosen because the newspaper headline signifies that Mussolini was killed by execution. The display of the bodies is significant because it represents the end of Mussolini's fascist regime in Italy and the triumph of anti-fascist forces. The execution of Mussolini and other fascists was a dramatic and symbolic act of justice, intended to send a clear message that fascism and authoritarianism would not be tolerated.