THE EUROPEAN UNION

UK LEAVES THE EU

2020 BCE

The UK exits the EU on January 31st. The Uk was meant to negotiate future agreements with the EU. Such as concerning customs duties, free movement, the status of Europeans living in the UK and vice versa.

THE EU

2020 BCE

The EU has 27 member states with a population of about 450 million. 19 counter are member of the eurozone, while six others countries have adopted the euro without being member of the eurozone or the EU.

THE SCHENGEN AREA

2020 BCE

The Schengen area now comprises 26 States. Either Cyprus, Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania expected to integrate soon.

BREXIT

2019 BCE

After numerous failures, an agreement for Brexit is finally reached.

UK NEGOTIATIES WITH THE EU

2017 BCE

The country then enters in long and difficult negotiations with the EU to define the conditions of their withdrawal.

EUROPEAN MIGRANT CRISIS

2016 BCE

The EU signs agreements with Turkey and then with Libya, where the political situation was very unstable, so that they control and block the migration routes in exchange for financial aid.

EUROPE WAS DIVIDED

2016 BCE

The migration crisis divided European countries and fuels the rise of nationalist and Eurosceptic parties.

UK REFERENDUM

2016 BCE

In June, the UK through a referendum votes in favor of leaving the EU.

EUROPEAN MIGRANT CRISIS

2015 BCE

Despite the construction of walls at the Turkish border. Over a million migrants enter the Schengen area. Europe tries to slow the flow of migration and security patrols were reinforced on the Mediterranean Sea.

ARAB CREATES INSTABILITY

2014 BCE

Arab Spring creates instability in many countries.

EUROPEAN MIGRANT CRISIS

2014 BCE

The civil war in Syria, a second civil war in Libya and Iraq, and other events in the Horn of Africa push many people to migrate to Europe.

CROATIA

2013 BCE

Croatia joins the EU.

PORTUGAL, GREECE, SPAIN AND CYPRUS

2011 BCE

Portugal, Greece, Spain and Cyprus obtained financial aid from the Eurozone.

GREECE

2010 BCE

Greece had a big public debt and ask for financial aid from the Eurozone and IMF in exchange for which it must implement austerity measures.

IRELAND

2010 BCE

Ireland also had a big public debt but they didn’t ask for financial aid from the Eurozone. But finally receives aid all the same in exchange for which it must adopt a strict plan.

TREATY OF LISBON WAS RATIFIED

2009 BCE

2008 and 2009 the Treaty of Lisbon was ratified by all states but Ireland needs a second referendum.

GLOBAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRISIS

2009 BCE

The global economic and financial crisis has repercussions on the Eurozone, which enters a recession. After the rout of major European banks, many countries find themselves in difficulty.

TREATY OF LISBON

2007 BCE

27 heads of state sign the Treaty of Lisbon, which aims to strengthen and improve the function of the EU after enlargement.

EU’s ROLE

2007 BCE

The EU’s role is to promote peace, support sustainable development, fight social exclusion and discrimination, and safeguard cultural heritage.

ROMANIA AND BULGARIA

2007 BCE

Romania and Bulgaria join the European Union.

FRENCH AND DUTCH POPULATIONS

2005 BCE

The French and Dutch populations oppose the Treaty via referendum.

CONSTITUTIONAL TREATY

2004 BCE

The Constitutional Treaty would replace all existing treaties with a single text. This sparks heated debate across Europe, fearing an overly powerful EU at the expense of national sovereignty.

HALF-FAILURE OF THE TREATY OF NICE

2004 BCE

After the half-failure of the Treaty of Nice, the 25 heads of state meet in Rome to again try to streamline the functioning of the EU.

ESTONIA, LATVIA, LITHUANIA, POLAND, SLOVAKIA, HUNGARY, SLOVENIA, CZECHIA AND MALTA

2004 BCE

Ten new countries joins to the European Union. There was Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.

EURO (CURRENCY)

2002 BCE

The currency would be put into circulation only from January 1.

EURO

1999 BCE

The Euro is officially launched on the market.

TREATY OF AMSTERDAM AND COMMUN CURRENCY

1997 BCE

The Treaty of Amsterdam, its fundamental objective was to create an area of freedom, security and common justice. In addition, the commun currency advances that is called the Euro. However, the UK, Sweden and Denmark don’t want it.

EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK

1997 BCE

The UK, Sweden and Denmark set up the European Central Bank.

AUSTRIA, SWEDEN AND FINLAND

1995 BCE

Austria, Sweden and Finland joins the Community. There were 15 members in the EU.

SCHENGEN AGREEMENT

1995 BCE

Signed in Schengen, Luxemburg in 1985. The Schengen Agreement is gradually introduced from 1995. It’s objective is to abolish border controls and therefore have total freedom of movement within the EU.

SINGLE MARKET

1993 BCE

The Single Market project was completed.

MAASTRICHT TREATY

1992 BCE

European heads of state sign the Maastricht Treaty. The EU was created and gets new powers. The treaty envisaged an economic union and the future creation of a common European currency.

USSR COLLAPSES

1991 BCE

In the East of Europe, the USSR can’t longer contain revolts and collapses, opening up new horizons for the Community.

GERMAN WAS REUNIFIED

1990 BCE

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Germany was reunified.

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

1986 BCE

Spain and Portugal joins the Community.

SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT AND SINGLE MARKET

1986 BCE

12 member states and the European Commission give a boost to the internal market by signing the Single European Act.
In addition to eliminating customs fees, the goal is to remove all obstacles to the free movement of people, goods, capital and services. It was the Single Market.

UK UNDER MARGARET THATCHER

1984 BCE

The UK under Margaret Thatcher says it doesn’t benefit enough from the CAP, which then represented 80% of EU spending. The country negotiates to obtain a reduction in its contribution to the Community’s budget.

GREENLAND

1982 BCE

Greenland leave the Community.

GREECE

1981 BCE

Greece joins the Community.

MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

1979 BCE

The members of the Europan Parliament are elected by unisversal suffrage for the first time.

SPAIN, PORTUGAL AND GREECE

1976 BCE

Spain, Portugal and Greece ask to join to the Communities.

EUROPEAN COUNCIL

1974 BCE

In Paris, the heads of states and the governments come to an agreement to create the European Council.

UK, IRELAND AND DENMARK

1973 BCE

The UK, Ireland and Denmark join the Community.

UK

1967 BCE

The UK renews it’s request for membership which France opposes a second time.

THE MERGER TREATY

1965 BCE

The Merger Treaty cause the merger of the three Communities into a new single Commission. The Commission is divided into the Council, the Parliament and a Court of Justice.

THE ECONOMY GROWTH

1963 BCE

The Economy become to growth.

UK, IRELAND, DENMARK AND NORWAY

1962 BCE

The UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway ask to join to the Communities, but France under the leadership of Charles vetoes the accesión request.

CAP

1962 BCE

The CAP enter into force.

TREATIES OF ROME

1958 BCE

The treaties of Rome enter into force.

TREATIES OF ROME

1957 BCE

In Rome the 25th March, six countries to sign two new treaties: 1=Create the European Economic Community (EEC) and 2= European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) cording civilian nuclear research programs.

EEC and EURATOM

1957 BCE

The EEC to establish a common market, inclouding allowing the free movement of workers and eliminating tariffs between member states and create the Community Agriculture Policy (CAP). The EURATOM to cording civilian nuclear research programs.

GERMAN WAS DIVIDED

1952 BCE

Germany was divided by the Iron Curtain, and only West Germany becomes part of the Federal German Republic.

EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL

1951 BCE

Six countries in Paris sign a treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community. (ECSC) The countries are Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, France and Germany FGR.

TREATY OF BENELUX

1951 BCE

Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands formed other treaty, the Treaty of BENELUX.

FRANCO-GERMAN RECONCILIATION

1950 BCE

The 9th of May, France via its Forgeign Minister Robert Schuman propose a Franco-German reconciliation. (France and Germany) (Federal German Republic)

PRODUCTION OF COAL AND STEEL

1950 BCE

The production of Coal and Steel was the main wealth of industrialised countries.

THE MARSHALL PLAN

1948 BCE

The Marshall Plan: West Europe founded a continent.

THE COLD WAR

1947 BCE

The begging of the Cold War, caused by the growing rivalry marks of United States and the USSR.

USA vs USSR

1946 BCE

United States and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics are the two major world powers. (USA vs USSR)

THE END OF THE SECOND WAR WORLD (WWII)

1945 BCE

The Second World War ends the 2nd of September.

UN

1945 BCE

The 24th of October, the United Nations Organization was created to keep peace. (UN)