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Formation of an Independent Italy
Though Italy gained independence from Austria, it remained a divided nation. The image displays the various areas at the time -
Papal States Taken Over by New Nation of Italy0
Though Italy itself was divided, the Papal States (represented in the imagine below) were incorporated into the Italian kingdom, creating tension between Italy and the catholic church -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
Italy invaded Ethiopia and was defeated, as a result, the Treaty of Wichale did not go through and Ethiopia was granted sovereignty and independence. -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
Italy invaded with the intentions of expanding their empire as well as limiting France’s influence on North America. The photo displays the area taken over by Italy -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
Mussolini was appointed after being released from prison and wrote about his support for revolutionary violence against the liberal state. This image displays the newspaper Avanti! -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW I
Socialist party continued to urge Italy to remain neutral while Mussolini began to support the nations entry to war, resulting in him being expelled from the Socialist party. The image selected displays the change in his ideology. -
Treaty of London
A secret treaty signed between Italy and Allied Forces (France, Britain, Russia) Aimed to involve neutral Italy in war for borders with Austria (boarders displayed in image selected). -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
2 year period of high unemployment, resulted in strikes from workers while fascist violence against socialists was ignored. The selected image displays the violence at the time -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
Fiume was a city sought after by Italy but not gained through peace treaties, D’Annuzio’s force was able to take control over it for 15 months, inspiring Mussolini. The imagine shows the area of Fiume -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
A ‘combat’ group later known as the 'fascists of the first hour,' they aimed to bring together left/ right views and create a compromise between nationalists and socialist. The selected image includes individuals involved in this group -
Mussolini and Giolitti
In May 1921, Mussolini formed an alliance with Giolitti to boost his status in the Italian government. This image is of Mussolini and Giolitti walking side by side, sending a message to Italy that they are working together to build a fascist system in the country. -
Mussolini and the PNF (Fascist Party)
In November 1921, after bonding with Giolitti, Mussolini formed the Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party), which praised Italian nationalism and expansionism, and used his alliance with Giolitti to become a bigger part of the Italian parliament. The image is the PNF logo. -
March on Rome
The March on Rome in October 1922 was a turning point for Victor Emmanuel III, who offered Mussolini the position of Prime Minister shortly after. The photo was taken during the original march in 1922. -
Acerbo Law
The Acerbo Law, which states that the party with the most votes (minimum 25%) gained 2/3rds of the seats in parliament, was passed in November 1923. When the Fascists won the election, they were granted these seats. The photo is of Giacomo Acerbo, the Italian Baron that proposed the law. -
Corfu, Greece
The Corfu Incident was a diplomatic-military disagreement between Italy and Greece. Mussolini grew tired of Italian men dying in Greece over this disagreement, leading to him assaulting Greece through a naval bombardment from Italy. The image shows the island of Corfu today. -
Aventine Secession
After Matteotti's death, many followers of Mussolini's Fascist Party resigned from their positions in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, forming their own Aventine group with the goal of persuading the King into getting Mussolini to resign. The photo shows some members of this secession. -
Matteotti Crisis
After Giacomo Matteotti, an Italian socialist politician, spoke out against the way Mussolini was ruling Italy, he was found dead. Many assumed that Mussolini was responsible for his death, given the tension between the two. Mussolini turned to blaming the Squadrismo, secret police, to save himself from extreme backlash. The photo shows Giacomo prior to his death. -
Battle for Grain
In June 1925, Mussolini proposed that farmers increase the amount of grain they grew. Unfortunately, this resulted in an excess amount of grain and a lack of other resources. This photo highlights the absurd amount of grain that was grown. -
Locarno Treaty
The Locarno Treaty was an agreement between Italy and Britain to protect the frontiers from armed aggression. However, Italy was not granted all of the land they were promised, annoying the government further. The photo is of Stanley Baldwin, who signed the treaty on behalf of Britain. -
Rome-Berlin Axis treaty
The picture shows Mussolini and Hitler sitting in a carriage. The Rome-Berlin Axis treaty was Germany and Italy joining together. -
Battle for Births
The picture shows a soldier fighting with the title battle babies. This refers to the 'battle for births' which was to encourage women to have more children. The population of Italy decreased after WWI and the birth rates had slow, so Mussolini was trying to increase the population. -
Battle for Land and Lira
In 1928, the Battle of Land took place with the goal of opening more land for farmers. Additionally, the Battle for the Lira aimed to change the value of their currency (Lira). Both of these battles were unsuccessful, leaving Italy with damaged wealth, high tariffs, and very little land. The photo is of the Italian Lira coin. -
Kellog-Briand treaty signed
The picture is of someone signing a document because the treaty was signed by leaders of countries in an attempt to keep peace. -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
The picture shows two people shaking hands. This is because the two people are in agreement and after the Lateran Treaty, the Pope and Mussolini were in agreement and on the same side. -
Abyssinian Crisis
The picture shows the people of Ethiopia preparing to fight Italy. The Abyssinian Crisis was Italy wanting an apology from Ethiopia and eventually declared war. -
Stresa Front
The picture shows the states that participated in the conference which participated in the agreement to stop Hitler. -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
The picture shows a boot filled with soldiers stepping on Spain with fires starting. The picture shows how Italy intervened with force and caused more problems than trying to solve. -
Munich Conference
The picture shows leaders of countries who were at the Munich conference. This shows how the countries met in an attempt to solve problems diplomatically, when dealing with Czechoslovakia. -
Italy invades Albania
The picture shows a group of soldiers walking down the street. This depicts what happened when Italy invaded Albania, Mussolini sent 100,000 soldiers to take control. -
Italy enters WWII on side of Germany
The picture shows two people walking with each other. This is similar to Mussolini and Hitler, who were once seperate and then became allies. They were on the same page and communicating with each other. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WWII
The picture shows a cell because after Mussolini was brought down he was imprisoned. -
Mussolini killed
The picture depicts how Mussolini died. After he and his mistress were shot, they were hung in Milan.