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- oppressed jews
- strengthened Russian government
- ignored the struggles of peasants
- wanted autocracy s: started legacy of citizens disliking the czar
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- wanted autocracy
- known as an overall bad leader
- his citizens were unhappy
- put lots of pressure on the working class
- created the Duma s: unhappy citizens meant citizens that wanted to rebel, and Czar Nicholas II creates unhappy citizens
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- territorial dispute over the manchurian area
- Russia and Japan both thought the area was theirs
- Japan won due to strong naval forces s: created civil unrest in Russia's citizens because they were embarrassed to lose to Germany and Great Britain
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- 200,000 people marched on the Czar's palace to air grievances surrounding living and working conditions
- police shot the protestors (100 killed)
- protest leaders arrested s: inspired many other riots across Russia, making the citizens more open to a revolution
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- a "government" for Russia created by Czar Nicholas II
- had little power or effectiveness because Nicholas believed that he was only responsible to god s: this attempt at legislature seemed to fake that the Russian people questioned Nicholas' ability to rule
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- Russia was not well enough equipped going into the war because they didn't know how long the fighting would last
- supplies and armies were dwindling quickly s: Czar Nicholas wasn't being the leader the Russian citizens wanted, so they were more inclined to rebel
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- Rasputin was a healer and exorcist
- Very religious
- He was given some control over Russia
- Killed (poison, shooting, drowning) because some Russian nobles were afraid he had too much power s: The Czarine was supposed to have control over the government at this time, but she had given most of the power to Rasputin. With him dead, there was not a strong government in place at all, making it easier for the Bolsheviks to attack
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- March revolution made forced Czar Nicholas to abdicate his throne
- First time in 3 centuries that Russia didn't have a czar
- Duma leaders created a provisional government
- The new "leader" of Russia, Alexander Kerensky, decided to keep Russia in WWI s: these changes made the living conditions in Russia worse, and with it the people became unhappier
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- Bolsheviks stormed the Winter Palace
- With the Bolsheviks in power, Lenin took over almost immediately
- Control of factories went to workers
- Treaty made with Germany to up Brest-Litovsk s: Russian people thought the treaty with Germany was humiliating and it made them angry
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- Bolsheviks vs. conservatives/foreign troops/anti-bolsheviks
- Bolsheviks were led by Leon Trotsky
- Red Army won s: Since Bolsheviks were back in power, they wanted to keep nationalist acts, like the civil war, in check in the future
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- made of multiple self governing republics under a central republic (in order to keep nationalism in check)
- means Union of Soviet Socialist Republics s: in reality, the Bolsheviks still help most of the power
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- had a stroke but it didn't kill him
- later, before he died, he said that he didn't think Stalin knew how to handle the immense power he had acquired s: His death meant that Stalin would soon take power, which was a step in the wrong direction for Russia
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- Stalin won competition to replace Lenin
- His method to win was corrupt
- Very paranoid person s: his reign was brutal for Russia
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- Stalin's paranoia caused him to think that Leon was out to kill him
- Leon is exiled to Mexico
- When Leon is killed by an ax to the head, it is rumored that the man who killed him was sent by Stalin s: this could be a warning for the people of Russia that Stalin shouldn't be trusted