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Czar Alexander III promoted repressive policies that reversed many of the reform measures that had been initiated by his father, Alexander II. Foremost among Alexander III's policies was the persecution of Jews and the systematic Russification. He also promoted the noble's wishes over the middle and lower classes. The civilians of Russia hated the Czar, and he was known as the great repressor, as he was a very conservative ruler.
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He was the successor of Czar Alexander, and did not know how to rule. He spent most of his time trying to please the people but kept failing every time he tried. He and his family were executed during the Russian Civil War. He was known for his poor handling of Bloody Sunday and Russia's role in World War I.
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Russia and Japan went to war due to a territorial dispute over Northern China called Manchuria. Japan was victorious in this war due to more ground troops, better navy, and short lines of communication between China and Japan.
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200,000 Russians marched on the Czar’s palace. They wanted relief from their working and living conditions. They presented him a list of grievances that represented all their problems. When the protesters were seen, soldiers opened fire, and over 100 were killed, and another 2,000 were injured. This series of events showed how the Czar reacted to a peaceful protest, and most likely let the way for why the people of Russia overthrew the rule of the Czar, and created the Duma.
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The Duma is a Russian legislative assembly that was established by Czar Nicholas II. It dissolved at the time of the March 1917 revolution.
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Russia joined the first world war as part of the allies, and had a very powerful army. However, they were not very industrialized, so they backed out of the war early due to their signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
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Rasputin was known for his role as a mystical adviser in the court of Czar Nicholas II. He also healed the Czar's son, who suffered from Hemophilia, and this made him very close to the royal family. He was murdered by revolutionary noblemen. After many failed assassination attempts, he finally died after being drowned. Prior to that, he wrote a letter to the queen, saying that if he was killed by noblemen, then the royal family will be killed too, whereas if it were peasants they would be fine.
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In March 1917, the army garrison at Petrograd joined striking workers in demanding socialist reforms, and Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate. Nicholas and his family were first held at the Czarskoe Selo palace, then in the Yekaterinburg palace near Tobolsk.
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Vladimir Lenin was hotheaded and determined. He became the ruler of Russia after his political party, the Bolsheviks, and won the election for their next leader. The Bolsheviks were a marxist revolutionary party founded by Lenin.
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The Russian civil war was a conflict between the Red Army and the White Army. The Red Army fought for the Lenin's Bolshevik government. The White Army represented a large group of loosely allied forces, including monarchists, capitalists and supporters of democratic socialism. The Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir Lenin, and defeated the White army.
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A treaty between Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia formed the USSR. The newly established Communist Party, led by Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, took control of the government.
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When Lenin died, the competition was between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Stalin won, and ruled the Soviet Union as a dictator. Under Stalin's rule, the Soviet Union was industrialized and militarized. He ruled by terror, and millions of his citizens died during his reign.
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Vladimir Lenin fell into a coma, and died of a brain hemorrhage.
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Leon Trotsky was exiled twice. First he was exiled to Siberia, then he was exiled to Mexico. Stalin was a paranoid person, so he ordered Trotsky to be executed in Mexico, and he was.