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Tsar Nicholas II is Russia's absolutist ruler
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife are murdered in Serbia
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Russia enters WWI to protect Serbia
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Soldiers did not have enough:
1. Food 2. Weapons 3. Transportation -
Poor Leadership, Outdated Technology, Government Inefficiency
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People begin to lose faith in Tsar Nicholas II
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In Russian city of Petrograd protests break out against the government. Nicholas II tried to send in the army to break up the protest, but army refused and sided with the people
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Tsar Nicholas II is forced to give up the throne
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After Tsar is overthrown a temporary government comes to power:
- Petrograd Soviet (Council) of workers and Soldiers Deputies
-The new leaders had 2 goals: peace and economic/political equality -
Mensheviks- Moderates; wanted few changes
Bolsheviks- radical; wanted major changes; led by Vladimir Lenin -
Bolshevik slogan: "peace, bread, and land"
-It appeals to the Russian people hard hit by the war, lack of food, and peasant life
-Bolsheviks win control of the government and rename the party the Communist Party -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk:
-Lenin signs a peace treaty with the Triple Alliance; France and Great Britain left alone to fight
-Central Powers recognize Russia'a desperate situation and impose harsh peace terms
-Russia Gave up land in Finland,Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine -
Communists fear Tsar retaking the throne so they murder him and his family
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1917-1920:
-Reds (Communists): want to continue the revolution
-Whites- counter-revolutionary; want a return to the old ways
-Russia suffers more deaths and financial loss as they did in WWI
-Allies (Triple Entente): upset that Russia withdrew from war; start giving supplies to the Whites to win the war, but it doesn't work -
Communists rename all Russian lands: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet union
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