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Unlike his predecessor, Czar Alexander halted all reforms of the country to ensure autocracy in Russia. He also promoted "Official Nationality". Which sustains, autocracy, orthodoxy, and national homogeneity. He was widely disliked for his prosecution of jews, forced assimilation of ethnic groups, and overall unfairness to the working class.
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Placed in a difficult situation, Czar Nicholas wasn't as cruel as his father. Nevertheless, while he did not promote his father's policies he did not stop them either. He was criticized for leading Russia into WWI and being mediocre at fixing crises.
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Russia and Japan go to war over territory in northern China. Russia is unable to efficiently deploy troops due to un-industrialized territory and distance to the war front. Japan had the advantage on both issues and won the war.
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To amend his reputation after the Russo-Japanese War and Bloody Sunday, Czar Nicholas created a legislative body with elected officials. Nevertheless, the Duma was weak and dissolved shortly after being created. -
200,000 working Russian marched to the Czar's winter palace with a list of demands for their welfare. The guards decided to shoot them in the Czar's absence. This increased tensions between nobility and peasantry and displayed the government's disregard for proletariats. -
Czar Nicholas decided to enter WWI. However, due to Russia's lack of industrialization, the war effort was weak and inefficient. A lack of railroads made it extremely difficult to transport troops into the front line. The Russian economy was not strong enough to supply the soldiers on the front, giving them inferior weapons and starving them. Russia's fighting strategy resulted in constantly sending peasant soldiers to their death. Resulting in high casualties and discontent of the proletariat.
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The death of the royal family's druid was unnerving. The noble class assassinated the "man of God and a true voice of Russia" to prevent him from gaining more power within the government. Rasputin's assassination angered the proletariat since Rasputin had been a peasant himself. Many also revered him as a priest. -
After years of tensions between the working class and the Czar's mediocre government, Russian proletariats launched "The March Revolution". Which resulted in Nicholas' abdication and the establishment of a weak provisional government.
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With Czar Nicholas II out of the way. A radical communist named Stalin, returned to Russia to be regarded as the leader of the Bolsheviks. Shortly thereafter, the Bolshevik party overthrew the provisional government as it was too weak.
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After, the Bolsheviks took control of Russia, an opposing, White Army quickly rose against them. Finally, after a bloody multi-million-casualty war against the White Army. The Bolshevik party rose as the sole ruling party of Russia.
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The ruling Bolshevik party with Lenin at the top, reconstituted Russia into the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics. The name and structure of the new country was made to tribute the soviets essential to the Civil War's success.
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Lenin made the Communist Party the ruling party of the USSR and he was its leader. In other words, he made himself into a dictator. Which is why Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky scrambled for power after Stalin's death
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Since Lenin initially got sick, Stalin (more extreme than Lenin) started ensuring his rise to power by appointing his allies to important government positions.
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To consolidate his absolute power and definitively eliminate any future opposition to his rule, Stalin exiled his political opponent Leon Trotsky. Trotsky was killed 12 years later while in Mexico. Photo of Frida Kahlo (maquinola) with Trotsky