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509 BCE
The establishment of the Roman republic.
In 510 BC, the Romans expelled the former king, established the Roman Republic ,and the tribal meetings ( Comitia Tributa) separatione country was organized by the Senate, of powers. The senate holding the state power is composed of nobles. The consuls were elected from the aristocracy by the 100-member team meeting and exercised the highest administrative power. The tribal assembly consists of male civilians and male nobles. In my opinion, the establishemnt of Roman create a miracle. -
Period: 264 BCE to 241 BCE
First Punic War
The first Punic War was the first war in the three Punic Wars between ancient Rome and Carthage, the conflict between the two countries is due to the hegemony over the Mediterranean coast, especially the ownership of Sicily. Twenty-three years after the war, Rome reluctantly won, and put forward many conditions for signing peace with Carthage. This war also proved that Rome’s outstanding system and mutually inclusive character made Rome a solid foundation for the then strong country. -
Period: 218 BCE to 201 BCE
Second Punic War
After the defeat of the first Punic War, Carthage began to develop towards the Iberian Peninsula in western Europe by losing Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea. Rome warned Hannibal not to cross the Ebro River. Hannibal ignored this warning and continued to lead the army to the northeast. Romans handed Carthage to Hannibal for trial and was declared war after being rejected. This war was the longest and most famous war in the three Punic wars. It ended with the victory of Rome. -
Period: 200 BCE to 197 BCE
Second Macedonian War
In the second Macedonian War, the warring sides were Roman and Macedonian empire, but this time Rome’s allies included Pergamama and Rhode Island. As a result of the war, Philip V suffered a major defeat. Macedonia lost all its territory in the Greek peninsula, Asia Minor and Thrace. Rome declared that all Greek city-states will be free. The war marked that Rome began to interfere heavily with the affairs of the Eastern Mediterranean and even eventually conquered the entire region. -
Period: 151 BCE to 146 BCE
Forth Macedonian War
Macedonians became increasingly unhappy with Roman rule. In 152 BC, a monarch who tried to rebuild the Macedonian kingdom, he became a king himself and raised an army to openly rebel against Rome. The Roman faction sent Metelus as the military chief of Macedonia. , and Metelus spent two years to quell the rebellion. The four republics no longer exist. Rome annexed Macedonia and made it the first province of the Roman Empire. All in all, this war establish the rudiment of the Roman Empire. -
107 BCE
Marian reforms
The original recruiting citizen soldiers were changed to the recruitment system to recruit poor citizens for military service. During the service period, the state supplies equipment, supplies, and pays military labor. Retired soldiers are allocated land by the state. The number of legions expanded from 4,500 to 6,000; new establishments were added, and engineering and mechanical equipment were added. Strengthen military discipline and training. In conclusion I think this reform was sucessful. -
49 BCE
Caesar dictatorship
First of all, he destroyed the old aristocrat republican system in a destructive manner, concentrated the military and political power, and basically completed the transition to the monarchy. Second, he attempted to gradually abolish the privilege of the old Rome as a city-state tyrant. He raised the status of Italian cities and towns equal to Rome, raised the status of all the provinces to equal Italy, and gave citizenship to the sub-Romans. In my opinion, caeser is a hero in Roman. -
27 BCE
The establishment of the Roman Empire
In the past 27 years, Octavian’s use of political skills led him to dismantle all power and restore the republicanism. On the one hand, he pretended to accept the absolute power of the republican system that was completely violated by the separatist system and citizens and became the chief veteran, claimed to be the "first citizen" and supreme commander, and received the "Augus" granted by the Senate. Octavian announces the establishment of the Roman Empire -
69
Year of the Four Emperors
In the year AD 69, four Roman emperors appeared. In the year of 68, General Garba of Spain rebelled as an emperor. In January of the 69th, the Germanic Viceroy Vitruus became emperor, while Garba was killed by his Otto, and Otto became his emperor. In March, Vitruus sent troops to compete with Otto for the throne, and Otto defeated himself. In July, Weapona, general of the Jewish rebellion, became the emperor. In October, Wippa defeated Vitruus and ended the civil war. -
476
The fall of the western Roman empire
The Visigoth leader Alaric continued to invade the Roman Empire under the pressure of the Huns of the nomads in Northeast Asia. In 439, the Kingdom of Vandal-Allan was established in the North African region of the Western Roman Empire and kept attacking the Roman Empire from the sea. In 476, the barbarian general Otoyak rebelled against Oreste and deposed Romulus Augustus, claiming his allegiance to the Eastern Roman Empire. At this point, the Western Roman Empire died, it influence the world. -
1461
The fall of the Byzantine empire.
As the Byzantine Empire was at the center of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, it became the Turk’s primary goal. On May 29, 1453, after two years of siege, Mohammed II captured Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI died. Trappis was also occupied by Muhammad II in 1461. At this point, all Byzantine territories were completely lost. In conclusion, I think the over of the Byzantine begin a new world in Europe.
