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Roman civilizations began to develop and form with geographic advantages. They also developed new traditions that are said to have been open and derived from other civilizations.
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After an argument about where the new city should be, Romulus killed his brother Remus, and named the city after himself.
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Most of Roman history comes from the Etruscans, Latins and Greeks. Rome gained their alphabet from Greece, and Greece got it from the Phoenicians.
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Etruscans had many skills, which included building with stone and mining minerals such as iron, copper and tin. With these skills, Etruscans were able to make metal weapons and tools. Since they had this capability, Etruscans were proabably the ones who built the roads and temples during the Monarch age of Rome
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Tarquinius Superbus ruled Rome in the early 500s. He was the last Roman Monarch.
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After Tarquinius' end, patricians established a republic in 509 B.C.E.
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Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown by patricians (wealthy landowners), and the patricians began the Roman Republic.
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By fourth century B.C.E., Rome began to incorporate different cities and cultures around them. Rome also controlled most of Italy by this time.
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The Via Apia was Rome's first national highway. This highway allowed for unity and communication.
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Farmers, tradespeople, common soldiers, and craftsworkers won the right to officially be citizens in Rome.
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Rome ruled over the entire Italian Peninsula by 275 B.C.E.
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As Rome continued to expand, it ran into Greece colonies. Greece soon invaded Italy, and Rome defeated them.
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Both Rome and Carthage wanted the control of Mediterranean trade, therefore they fought in a series of wars called the Punic Wars.
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Rome captured and destroyed the city of Carthage. (They also enslaved the people who had lived there).
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Spartacus led a rebellion in 73 B.C.E, which was one of the biggest rebellions in history. Romans killed thousands of the rebels, and captured 6,000 more slaves before the end of the rebellion.
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Julius Ceaser became consul in Rome. A consul is like a president, the citizens elect a consul to rule over the government and be the commander of the armies.
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Julius Ceaser became the governor of Gaul after a year of being the consul in Rome. He also soon conquered Britain.
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In 46 BCE Julius Ceaser officially became the sole dictator for life at the end of the Roman Republic.
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Julius Ceaser was assassinated.
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Romans captured Jerusalem, and adopted their religion.
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Octavian defeated Antony in the Battle of Actium and established himself as the ruler of Rome.
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Octavian molded the Rome to fit the values he wanted it to have. Octavian wanted to strengthen family values, keep peace, and promote prosperity. This started Pax Romana.
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As aforementioned, Octavian's values allowed for the next two-hundred years to be the time of Roman Peace, or Pax Romana.
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By 41 AD most of the royal family was murdered. By 54 AD, Claudius died, and Nero was the new Emperor.
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In 64 AD, there was a fire that burned down most of Rome. Nero, who was the ruler at the time, was rumored to have started the fire, and blamed the Christians. Nero also built a palace in the place of where the fire burned the land.
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In 59 AD, Nero sent his guards to kill his mother Agrippina the Younger. In 68 AD he was soon overthrown and killed at his own hand, meaning he killed himself.
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Vespasian began his rule in 69 AD and died ten years later because of natural causes in 79 AD
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Vespasian, the Emperor who ruled after Nero, began the construction of the Colosseum, which finished in 80 AD, a year after his death
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Vespasian (the new Roman Emperor) began the construction of the Colosseum, which finished in 80 AD
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In 104 AD, Vespasian filled Nero's palace with dirt to soon make it a public bath.
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Rome began a slow decline after 3rd century C.E. which was due to population decline, caused by disease, which led to slower economic activity, and less pay for the army. They also faced enviornemtal issues and challenges from Non-Romans.
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The Roman Emperor Constantine officially declared Christianity legal.
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In fourth century A.D., Rome had created aqueducts and had constant streams of clean water. (Emperor Claudius had the greatest impact in aqueducts.)
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In 439 C.E., nomads named the Vandals, took over Carthage, and eventually all of Rome.
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