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The Publication of the Two treaties of Government written by John Locke talked about the theory of who owned what property, and the natural rights that people had living there. Locke wanted these passages to help people learn about the knowledge of what the rights were, and he wanted rights for everyone not just the higher class. Learn more about John Locke, and read these two passages here. https://oll.libertyfund.org/page/john-locke-two-treatises-1689#text
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The Spirit of Laws was first written anonymously, but it was later known that the thinker Montesquieu wrote it. In he Spirt of Laws that Montesquieu wrote it was brought up that three branches of government would be a good idea. The Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branch was formed. Montesquieu thought it was a good idea to have separation of powers this way no single person could have too much power.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc worldhistory2/chapter/baron-de-montesquieu/ -
In the book the Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, he wonders why people would give up their natural rights, and how political authority became legitimate. In the Social Contract people are pretty much agreeing that they give up some of their rights, in exchange for good security by the government. Jean-Jacques Rousseau thought that this was a good Idea and it did not give up people's rights.
https://opentextbc.ca/ethicsinlawenforcement/chapter/2-9-social-contract-theory/ -
King Louis XVI was the king of France, and he wanted to be very successful, just like every other leader. But many people did not like him all that much because he did not have the strength to fight combat, and he took out many loans, at one point people would not give him any more money. With everyone upset with his decisions a revolution started and this would end King Louis XVI's leader position. To find more about him click below. https://www.biography.com/royalty/louis-xvi
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The Estates general meet and there were some people from the 1st and 2nd estate, but most of the population was from the 3rd estate from being summoned to meet by the King. This 1st meeting took place in France at the estate of Realm. Here is when the low class released that they were getting taken advantage of when they found out that the 1st and 2nd estates always voted the same. Go here for info. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-beginning-of-revolution/
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When the third estate found out that they were bring treated poorly, they stormed to an abandon tennis count to make their own decisions. They did not like King Louis XVI and his absolute monarchy so they created the national assembly to which was essentially a new government to create a Constitution. The Oath showed that many people were against King Louis, many people did not like him and he needs to change. to learn more click here. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tennis-Court-Oath
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By the time the storming of the Bastille happened the French Revolution was just getting started and King Louis XVI and others were getting executed. With many people upset, military governors that that Bastille would be the main target, so they transferred a lot of gun power and supplies over to there. They guessed correctly but the crowd was more powerful than they thought so the military leader surrendered. Learn more click here. https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/july-2014-storming-bastille
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There was great fear to all of the higher classed because the peasants would riot, and and cars panic because they were upset that King Louis XVI wanted to overthrow the third-estate. With armed men all around the place they prevented anything bigger like a insurrection. But the did seize the Bastille and they took important government documents. To learn more information click below.
https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/great-fear/ -
This was the main document of the French Revolution, but many of the concepts were adopted from America. The concepts were about the social contract, freedom, separation of powers, and spirit of secular natural law. The people who got these rights were men above 25, and were French citizens who paid taxed equal to 3 days of work. Women did not like this, and many people questioned their rights. For more info. click here. https://www.libertarianism.org/topics/declaration-rights-man-and-citizen
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At night time on the Northern Plantations of St.Domingue slaves wanted to escape to leave. They knew that this would be very risky, but then they would be free. They were in a group, which gathering were not allowed, but they would go along anyway. With the French Revolution going on there would be secret agent to antagonize the slaves and get them upset. Anyone who would caused trouble would not be tolerated. click here for more info. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057%2F9781403980311_3
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Spain declared war against England, and later France for control of St.Domingue because it was France's most wealthy colony from a lot of sugar made from almost 700,000 slaves. England also wanted to take part of St.Domingue but Spain wanted the island hopping to win freedom for the slaves. After a long battle Spain won their way and St.Domingue became the first independent nation of former slaves. Europe, and the U.S. would do no trading with them. For more info click here http://bit.ly/2LFRCri
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One day after King Louis XVI was convicted of conspiracy of foreign powers, he was executed by the French National Convention. He became King to help out with the initial problem his grandfather King Louis XV made, but Louis XVI did a poor job so people wanted him to go. With no one liking him he and his family tried to escape but that did not go to plan because he was caught and executed before he could leave. To find out more information go here. http://bit.ly/3abm9qD
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When Robespierre too advantage of what was happening with King Louis XVI he wanted to go down a more radical pathway. Robespierre thought that it was necessary to execute thousands of people for no reason with little, to no evidence. He agreed that this is how the revolution would reach its goals by the end, he was very unsuccessful and was also executed. To find out more click on the link below. https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror
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With many people upset with Robespierre causing so much chaos, and that he was executing thousands of people for no reason they all called that he should be executed. So one the people released that he did all this execution for no reason people tried bloodshed on him, and they even tried to arrest him but nothing worked until he was executed and gone for good. To learn more about the execution of Robespierre click below. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maximilien-Robespierre
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With both King Louis XVI, and Robespierre gone someone had to take over. So the Directory, and small group of five people too over France. They overcame challenges that was left behind in order to restore France. The Directory also wanted to open up schools, help France's economy and help make peace with Prussia, Spain, and help Austria and England as well. To learn more click the link below. https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/modern-europe/france/directory
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Both L'overture, and Rigaud fought for control of the island St.Domingue. L'overture's poorer slaves fought against Rigaud who had more wealthy, and educated Slaves. L'overture needed help to win the War of Knifes battle so he eventually won against Rigaud with the help from the English. To learn more about War of Knives begins for control of St.Domingue click the link below. https://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=War_of_Knives
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The Napoléon Stages a Coup d'etat to overthrow the government of France, and the Directory. Many people see this even at the final "Event" or end to the French Revolution. When councils meet, there was a large group ready to over throw the meeting and there were rumors beforehand so there were troops already there. So after the Coup d'etat there were no more major events in the French Revolution. To find more information click here. http://bit.ly/3qe6TyL
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After the Napoléon stages a coup d'erat was over, and was the last major event in the French Revolution there was a new constitution in France put up for a vote and that officaly declares the French Revolution over. There was now no more slaverly in most of Europe, and there were natural rights for everyone. Even though the French Revolution took awhile, by the end many people, including women had their rights back to live freely. To learn more click below. http://bit.ly/3qgU7iM
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When L'ouverture Proclaims a new Constitution in St.Domingue he did many great things like outlaw slaverly, and give citizens equal rights. But he also did some things the people did not like, he outlawed the most common religion in St.Domingue which was called Voodoo. He also made himself the governor general for life which go the citizens mad leading them to rebel against him. To learn more click on the link below. https://library.brown.edu/haitihistory/8.html
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With many people mad at L'ouverture for making himself governor general he was sent to prison by the French with the Help of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. The Napoleon sent their troops to St.Domingue to help Jean-Jacques Dessalines capture L'ouverture. So many people were mad at L'ouverture that half of his troops even joined the French army to capture L'ouverture but at the time they did not relish that the French wanted slaverly again. To find out more click below. http://bit.ly/3tMPX4p
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Because of Jean-Jacque Dessalines power to de-value St.Domingo for France, they no longer saw that it was good. So Dessalines Proclaims Haiti the Independent nation of former slaves. He abolished all slaverly, gave natural rights to everyone, he also made it so no white people could be land owners. Because France lost, they nor the rest of Europe, and the United States would trade with Haiti. To learn more click here http://bit.ly/2NenrYK
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In Mexico Father Miguel Hidalgo who was the creoles priest pushed for independence, but then the mestizos rallied to call out. At first the creoles supported the idea about independence from Spain but they quickly abandoned that thought when the found out that this would end slaverly. to learn more about when Mexico Declares Independence from Spain click below. https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/september-16/
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Simon Bolivar was chosen to kick the Spanish out of Venezuela for the second time, and they chose to to protect the Americans and they wanted him to reestablish the republican government of Venezuela. By doing all of these adventures where he would "liberate" places he earned his nickname "the Liberator". To learn more about when Simon Bolivar Arrives at Merida, Venezuela click on the link below.
https://www.biography.com/political-figure/simon-bolivar -
When Peru Declares Independence from Spain Jose de San Martin was declared Protector of Peru for that time period. Peru got its independence from the help of the liberator once again who help them take it from Spain. if you would like to learn more about when Peru Declares Independence from Spain click on the link below. http://www.discover-peru.org/peru-history-independence/
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When the Gran Columbia formed in 1821 Bolivar took it over and was the leader. His goal was that he wanted the Gran Columbia to self govern and but he relied that his South American citizens were incapable of exercising their rights in a system of self-government. So the Gran Colombia did not last very long and he resigned because of the failure of his government. To learn more about the Gran Columbia Formed click below.
http://to.pbs.org/3aVJLP8
