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Causes of this revolt and impacts of the revolution.
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- Jewish people were oppressed during his reign of power.
- He promoted nobility.
- Alexander wanted there to be national homogeneity (one man rule, one religion, one race). Anyone who did not fit his ideal mold of speaking only Russian and practicing only Russian Orthodox Religion, he wanted out of the country.
- He was not the person in power during the Russian's revolt but he was the mentor to the person that was.
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- Czar Nicholas ruled through Autocracy (absolute monarchy), making him in total control.
- He denied any ideas of people being involved of the government, making many citizens unhappy (especially the workers). Russian workers wanted to protest this opposition.
- Nicholas ignored the state of the country and cries from the citizens during the course of his rule, ultimately leading to his downfall.
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- Russia and Japan went to war over territorial competition of China.
- The Japanese won this war, showcasing the lack of efficiency Russia held.
- This humiliating defeat led to citizens going on strike, forcing Nicholas II to change Russia from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. However, the problem entailed when Nicholas neglected the idea of people being involved in the country, despite this change of government.
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- Created by Czar Nicholas II to divide opposition during an uprising.
- It was against his opinions but Nicholas had claimed to make the people more involved in the government by promising an elected, national, legislative assembly.
- People were hopeful that it would incorporate their voices but they were sadly wrong.This eventually turned into a provisional government.
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- Estimated 200,000 Russians on January 22, 1905, marched for the well-being of Russian workers.
- These protesters were shot and the march became violent; over 100 protesters were killed and many were injured.
- This event was one of the most significant factors of the revolt. It created uprisings across the country, Czar Nicholas II claimed to have considered a constitutional monarchy but it became clear that he only wanted to quiet the people and still rule in the same way.
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- The leadership of Czar Nicholas II collapsed.
- Nicholas declared war against Germany and Austria-Hungary.
- Russia was not fully industrialized, leading to the nation's struggles for the duration of the war.
- World War I helped bring about the Russian Revolution because it created inflation in Russia from the costs of war leading citizens into rebelling against the government in the Bolshevik Revolution.
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- He was a self-proclaimed "holy man" that was deemed to have mysterious powers.
- When Czar Nicholas II moved to the center of the warfront, his wife, Alexandra, ran the country under the disdained influence of Rasputin.
- Rasputin is one of the reasons for the downfall of Czar Nicholas II.
- The Russian Nobility did not approve of Rasputin's influence and killed Rasputin.
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Taking away people’s freedom, oppressively ruling, halting all reforms, embracing autocracy, allowing only Russian orthodox religion to be practiced, persecuting Jewish people, and reprimanding people who did not get along, were Czar Nicholas II’s errors during his rule.
* Joining World War I was the most responsible for the fall of the czar during the last phase of his rule. Russians could not handle military and economic costs. -
- Lenin created the Cheka almost as a secret police force to rabidly suppress anyone who was against the Bolsheviks.
- The Bolsheviks were a group of revolutionary Russian Marxists that took control of Russia’s government in 1917.
- The Bolsheviks created the Red Terror resulting from the failed killing of Lenin. Over 6,000 people were murdered by the end of the Red Terror.
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- This comprised of the Red Army and the White Army.
- The Red Army was made up of Bolsheviks, whereas the White Army consisted of conservatives, anti-Bolsheviks, foreign armies, and Russia's former allies in WWI.
- People thought communism to be very dangerous and fascism to be "preferable". Governments feared their power dwindling due to communism.
- The Red Army won the civil war. Lenin explained that they won the civil war but ruined the country in the process.
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Russia became the Soviet Union or USSR in 1922.
* This was led by Lenin and the Communist Party. -
- Lenin died in 1924.
- There was competition for his leadership role between Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
- Stalin eventually won power over the Communist Party and served as a dictator.
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- Stalin chose his name because it meant “man of steel”.
- Lenin thought Stalin was committed to communism but more focused on his own benefits.
- Stalin was a very paranoid person, he was looking to protect his own power. He won the leadership over the communist party through a very manipulative way.
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Stalin had Trotsky exiled for fear of his power dwindling. Trotsky died 10 years later in Mexico after being killed by people who had traces to Stalin. Stalin had many photos of Trotsky painted over to avoid any support for Trotsky and against Stalin.
* This proved Stalin's immense and frightening desire to rule.