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Cosimo gains control of the Florence government in 1434.
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Brunelleschi design's and helps finish Florence's Duomo.
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Books become cheaper and more available to the people due to Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press.
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A famous italian renaissance man by the name of Sandro Botticelli paints one of his best known works, The Birth of Venus.
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Colombus set sails to India of to the west across the Atlantic Ocean, when discovering land, he presumed he had found India. Which coined the popular term "Indians" for the original Native Americans.
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The famous renaissance man by the name of Niccolò Machiavelli was a man of many skills. He was a writer, historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, He was the founder of Political Science and is widely known for writing the masterpiece, "the Prince."
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Michelangelo sculpts the masterpiece David from a block of marble left over from another sculpture.
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Niccolo Machiavelli writes The Prince. A book mainly known for showcasing Machiavelli's beliefs on how a prince is suppose to rule. He says at one moment in the book that a prince should be willing to act against the popular opinion of the people in order to ensure their safety.
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Martin Luther post the 95 Theses on a church door stating 95 points he believed the people and the church were meant to follow. Such points include things like, "Christians must follow Christ at all times." Or that buying indulgences from the church is wrong to do.
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Pope Leo X exxcomunicates Luther for not giving up his writings when he was ordered to.
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Luther is summoned to the Diet of Worms to be summoned to give up his writings, he refuses.
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The Imperial Army seiges the city of Rome when Pope Clement VII refuses to pay a ransom.
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Parliment begins passing laws to make Hnery VIII head of the church in England.
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Lutherans were using the name "Protestant" for those who protested" papal authority.
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Henry the 8th becomes the head of the church.
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Parliment passes the Act of Supremacy which gives King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy, which meant he was head of the Church of England.
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Vasari publishes the Licves of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptore's, and Architects.
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In Italy, the Renaissance had been a time of relative prosperity. When Spain expelled its Jews in 1942, Italy allowed them to remain. But pressure for the Jews to convert still ramained big on the Jews. During the Reformation, restrictions on the Jews incereased. Such restrictions included to expell them from Christian lands, and their synagogues.
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The Peace of Augsburg is signed, allowing each prince to decide which religion - Catholic or Lutheran - would be followed in his lands.
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Elizabeth becomes queen and unifies England with the Elizabeth Settlement.
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Tens of thousands of women and men died as victims of witch hunts. Mostly in German states, Switzerland, and France. These witch hunts were embraced when scholars offered various reasons for these persecutions. They believed those who practied magic were recievcing aid from the Devil. Witches often were believed to behave in non-traditional ways,
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The calvinist belief in simplicity is reflected in the design of this church. People who attends these churches were taught about predestination, meaning God already has a plan for your life and you can't do anything to affect that. Calvanist's believed that the world was divided into two groups. Saints and Sinners, and those were saints could truly live Christian lives.
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Queen Eizabeth ruled England without a king for 45 years. This empowered everyones belief that women can be just as strong as men in many aspects of life and that women are just as capable of ruling a land as a king.
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Galileo Galileo builds a telescope allowing him to see mountains on the moon, fiery spots on the sun, and four moons circling the Planet Jupiter.
