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Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s three wars of German
unification:
3rd: 1870
2nd: 1866
1st: 1864 -
[26th]
1903: US president protests Russian & Moldovan aggressions against the Jews
1905: US president brokered a peace conference between Russia & Japan -
The Earl of Balfour
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Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
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The Earl of Oxford and Asquith
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1917: Entered WWI to make the world "safe for democracy."
1918: Jan. 14 points -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were travelling in a car through Sarajevo in Bosnia. As a royal and military representative of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand was seen as a valid target by Serbian nationalists, and the day was symbolic: the anniversary of the 1389 Battle of Kosovo, in which Ottoman forces had annihilated the Serbs.
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Battle of Rossignol (part of Battle of the Frontiers)
Rossignol, Belgium
27,000 French died in a single day -
September 5 - The First Battle of the Marne begins. Trench warfare begins as soldiers on both sides dig in.
September 15 - First trenches of the western front were built. -
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Of the three Zeppelins employed, two reach the eastern coast of England to drop their bombs.
Number of casualties were few, but the degree of psychological effect was high. -
First chemical attack of 31 January 1915 did not have the desired effect. 168 tons of chlorine deployed in 5,730 cylinders were released on April 22, forming a gray-green cloud. Use of chemicals remained inevitable until the end of the war.
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<Russia>
Armenian provinces (Erzurum, Trebizond (Trabzon), Van, Bitlis);
some Kurdish territory to the southeast.
<France>
Lebanon and Syrian littoral;
Adana;
Cilicia;
hinterland adjacent to Russia’s share (Aintab, Urfa, Mardin, Diyarbakır, and Mosul.)
<GB>
southern Mesopotamia: Baghdad;
Mediterranean ports of Haifa and ʿAkko (Acre).
<Arab state of Syria>
<Free port of Alexandretta (İskenderun)>
<International regime in the holy land of Palestine> -
The Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor
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Britain, France, and Russia
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speech on War Aims and Peace Terms
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Duration: 3y, 4m, 3w, 5d.
[Turkish National Movement]
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
[Kingdom of Greece]
British Empire
Armenian volunteer forces -
The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
Dates: Jun 28, 1919 – Jan 21, 1920
Signed: 28 June 1919
Condition: Ratification by Germany and four Principal Allied Powers
Effective: 10 January 1920
Location: Paris, France
Languages: French and English -
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Andrew Bonar Law
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The Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
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Peace treaty signed in Lausanne, Switzerland
Some of the lands that were given away in the Treaty of Sèvres were taken back, including:
Edirne, Izmir (Greece)
Canakkale, Istanbul (International control)
Afyon, Antalya, Konya (Italy)
Sivas, Adana (France)
Diyarbakir (France & Britain)
Trabzon, Erzurum, Van (Armenia) -
1923: [Asked Hoover: "If you knew of a great scandal in our administration, would you for the good of the country and the party expose it publicly or would you bury it?"]
1923: [death of Harding] -
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The Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
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1929: The Great Depression: October 29, 1929 (Black Friday)
1932: One fourth of Americans are unemployed -
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[32nd]
1933: The New Deal (8-year program)
“First of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
1945: [Roosevelt dies] -
The Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
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Duration: 2y, 8m, 2w, 1d.
EXTERNAL SUPPORT
[Republicans]
The international Communists, Comintern
Soviet Union
Mexico
Foreign volunteers
[Nationalists]
Kingdom of Italy
Portugal
Nazi Germany
Foreign volunteers -
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Anschluß
The annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany. -
Permission of Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia.
[NG]
[UK] Neville Chamberlain
[FR]
[IT] -
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[33rd]
1945: [Roosevelt dies]
1949: Established NATO -
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Date: April 4, 1949
Effective: 24 August 1949 -
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[34th]
1953: [Supports and continues the New Deal]
Vice President: Richard Nixon
1953: Armistice that ended the Korean War
1958: Launched DARPA -> later to become the Internet -
The Earl of Avon
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[35th]
John F. Kennedy
1961: Established the Peace Corps
1963: Equal Pay Act
22 Nov 1963: Assassinated (aged 46) -
The Lord Home of the Hirsel
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[36th]
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The Lord Wilson of Rievaulx
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[37th]
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Interim president
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Sir Edward Heath
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The Lord Wilson of Rievaulx
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Interim president
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[38th]
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The Lord Callaghan of Cardiff
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[39th]
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The Baroness Thatcher
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[40th]
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[41st]
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Sir John Major
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[42nd]
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2008-present: Cobalt is exported to China in exchange to build Congo's infrastructure
1965-1997: Mobutu Sese Seko
Patrice Lumumba became the first democratically elected president
30 June 1960: Independence Day
1906(08)-1960: Belgian colony
1884-1906(08): King Leopold -
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2008-present: Cobalt is exported to China in exchange to build Congo's infrastructure
1965-1997: Mobutu Sese Seko
Patrice Lumumba became the first democratically elected president
30 June 1960: Independence Day
1906(08)-1960: Belgian colony
1884-1906(08): King Leopold -
[43rd]
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- Ethnic hatred North of Sudan: Arab Muslims South of Sudan: Black Christians West of Sudan: Black Muslims
- Oil is extracted in the south, sent to the only port in the north, to be sold to other countries: 70% -> China
- Desertification
300,000 people killed
3 million displaced -
4,700 coalition troops killed
85,000 Iraqi civilians killed -
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44th
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