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Justinian rose to power from humble roots. He was born a peasant and made a name for himself as a bearucrat under Constantine. Once emperor, he built many huge churches, including the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. The most important political action as king was to codify Roman law by issuing the Corpus iuris civilis.
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Muhammad was a merchant's son living in Mecca. At the age of forty he underwent a spiritual revelation, believing an angel had spoken to him. By 620 he had begun to preach the word of Allah and gathered a following. The Quaran, or Muslim holy book, was written in the early 650's.
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World's largest waterworks project before modern times.
Was constructed to facilitate trade between the northern and southern China.
They were a series of artificial waterways that reached from Hangzhou to the imperial captial of Chang'an. It extended almost 2,000 kilometers. -
He temporarily restored rule in northern India and sought to revive imperial authority.
He built hospitals and provided free medical care for his subjects.
He was assassinated and didn't have an heir so the empire he had built fell apart immediately. -
Rebellions began to take place in northern China when Sui Yangdi sought additional resources for his Korean campaign.
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Tang rulers maintained an extensive communications network based on roads, horses, and sometimes human runners. On main routes, inns, postal stations and stables were maintained to provide rest and refreshment to travelers, couriers and their mounts.
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Governed the allocation of agricultural land. Was established to ensure an equitable distribution of land and to avoid the concentration of landed property that had caused social problems during the Han dynasty.
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Mecca was under Arabian control until 630 C.E. when Muslim forces attacked the city and took it for Islam, setting up a government based on the Muslim faith.
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The Islamic prophet Muhammad traveled from his place of exile in Medina to his birth city of Mecca. This journey is the basis of the hajj made by millions of Muslims every year.
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Charlemagne's sons decioded to split the empire into three parts.
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The first Islamic empire with their capital in Damascus. They flourished on trade and ruled as conquerors.
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The political leadership was passed onto them from the Funan. They are based on the island of Sumatra. The kings built a powerful navy and controlled commerce in southeast Asian waters.
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First seige of Constantinople by the growing Islamic Empire. Byzantine forces were able to stop them using Greek fire.
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The Umayyad's conquered Sind with a well- organized expedition. Since it laid beyond the reach of effective authority by the Abbasid caliphs, it remain pretty much the same and even took part in a series of unorthodox Islamic movements,
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Second attack by Islamic forces
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The emperor decided that images of saints and holy personages was equal to idol worship and ordered the destruction of many religious icons.
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Charles Martel defeated Muslim forces who had moved into Frankish territory.
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The Abbasids toppled the Ummayad Empire in 750 C.E. and expanded dar al-Islam to much of the Meditteranean, nothern Africa. and the Middle East. The high point of the empire lasted 786-809 C.E.
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One of the Tang's dynasty's foremost military commanders, An Lushan, mounted a rebellion and captured the capital, but was soon murdered by a soldier in 757.
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The WHAP theme for the Postclassic Period is the development and interaction of cultures. Christianity took off in Europe and became a major world religion. The chrurch split into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox in 1054, and the Protestant Revolution signified another major change in the religion. For much of the Postclassic the church and government were closely linked, with popes declaring emperors. The Chinese invented many new technologies during this time.
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Over time the Tong and Song dynasties improved on metallurgical technologies.
Between the 9th and 12th centuries iron production increased almost tenfold. -
Battle between Bulgars and Byzantines in which Emperor Basil II oredered the blinding of 14,000 Bulgarians
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Wealthy merchants pioneered the use of printed paper money.
In return for cash deposits from clients, they would hand them printed notes they could use to redeem for merchandise.
But the merchants couldn't always honor their notes which lead to discontent and even riots. -
The Christian church split into the Roman Catholic church in the west with the pope as leader, and the Eastern Orthodox church in the east with the patriarch as leader. The pope and patriarch excommunicated each other over theological disagreements.
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Defeat of Byzantine forces by the Muslim Saljuqs. Allowed the Saljuqs to take over Anatolia, effectively destroying the Byzantine Empire.
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It was a cult of love and devotion that ultimately sought to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam.
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During the post classical time period, religion comes and it goes, as it has all throughout history. Islam flurished in India and replaced Hinduism and Buddhism during this period. Just like Christianity took over in Europe and replaced Hinduism and Buddhism and some Islam.
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Financed by Venician merchants, they attacked Constantinople in order to sack the capitol and establish themselves as a power.
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Native Sinhalese forces kicked out the Chola officials from Ceylon while revolts begin to take place in southern India.
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Since the Chola kingdom didn't entirely collapse, it simply returned to a regional kingdom among the many others.
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After a long period of delcine, the capitol oif the Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks.
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The pope proclaimed Otto emperor on his second visit to Italy. This marks the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire, which was neither Roman, nor Holy, nor an Empire.
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The pope in Rome declared Cherlemagne king on Christmas Day of the year 800. He resented his title of emperor, and was worried the Byzantine emperor would see it as an affront to his power.
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First king of England, expanded his base in southern England and built a navy to challange the Vikings.
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Was never a powerful state.
Placed more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education and the arts rather than military affairs.
First emperor: Song Taizu -
Ruled the Coromandel coast for more than four centuries.
Didn't build a tightly centralized state. -
Known as "Basil the Bulgar-slayer", he conquered the Bulgars, who had built an empire in the Balkans.
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Was established by Yang Jian, who appointed himself as ruler over the real heir, a seven year old boy. He ruled all of China by 589 after a decade of military expeditions.
Established a stong, centralized government. -
A rebel leader claimed Chang'an and proclaimed himself emperor soon after Sui Yangdi's death.
Named it after himself. Tang rulers organized China into a powerful, productive and prosperous society. -
Ruler of the Franks, turned them into a formidable military power.
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Grandson of Charles Martel, first postclassic king to unite Western Europe, declared emperor in 800 C.E.