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Many of the disputes were with the Holy Roman Empire, which ruled many parts of Germany and Italy .A long dispute, called the Investiture Controversy, centred on whether it was the Pope or the Emperor who appointed bishops. This was finally resolved at the Concordat of Worms, when the Church retained the right to appoint bishops, but in the Emperor’s presence.
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Innocent III was pope until 1216. Under him the medieval papacy reached the height of its power
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He was the shortes reigning Pope. He died before he was even coronated. Only 16 days after
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There were divisions within the Catholic Church as a result of the claims of rival candidates to be the Pope. This resulted in these at of the Papacy being transferred to Avignon in France, where it was under the influence of the French monarchy
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After 1378, there were rival Popes. One in Avignon and one in Rome (an even a third candidate). This Western schism lasted nearly 40 years and harmed the prestige of the Papacy.
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John Wycliffe (priest and teacher at Oxford University). He promoted the first translation of the Bible into English from Latin. English people could then read the Bible and decide for themselves what it meant.
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From 1378 until 1417 the Church had two and sometimes three popes. This period of church is called the great Schism. The church was divided into opposing groups. For political reasons, each pope had the support of certain national rulers and their people and clergy