New Testament

  • Period: 356 BCE to 323 BCE

    Alexander the Great

    4th-century political leader
    -Ruled for 11 years
    -Made Babylon his capital city; died there at 33 years old
  • 334 BCE

    Alexander Heads West

    -Raised an army to conquer the world
    -Starts off from Northern Greece into Asia minor
    -Heads west and comes down the coast by Jerusalem and into Egypt
    -Establishes the city of Alexandria at the top of the Nile
  • 330 BCE

    Babylon Established

    Alexander the Great establishes Babylon as city capital.
  • Period: 300 BCE to 390 BCE

    Ptolemaic Empire

    -Ruled from Egyptian Alexandria
    -Ruled Palestine for much of the 3rd century BCE
    “Hellenes”
    Jews living inside Ptolemaic Egypt in cities like Alexandria
    The official bureaucratic designation for Greek-speaking resident aliens
    Held a higher legal standing than indigenous Egyptians
    Learned Greek as their mother tongue
    Active in commerce
    Participated in various levels of civic life
  • Period: 269 BCE to 197 BCE

    Attalos of Pergamon

  • Period: 200 BCE to 250 BCE

    Seleucid Empire

    -Ruled from Syrian Antioch
    -Later became home to a large Christian community -mentioned in Book of Acts
    -On the northern border of the Ptolemaic Empire
    -Took control of the Ptolemaic Empire at the beginning of the 2nd century
  • Period: 175 BCE to 164

    Antochus IV Eipiphanes

    Ruled the Seleucid Empire
    Son of Antiochus III
  • Period: 167 BCE to 160 BCE

    Maccabean Revolt

    The Jewish revolt against Hellenism
  • Period: 134 BCE to 76 BCE

    Hasmonean Expansion

    -Eventually prevailed against the Romans until the relationship between them soured in 1st Century BCE
    -Put their own government in place through Herod the Great (Vassal King)
    -Pushed Antiochus Epiphanes IV out of rule
    -Forced the pagans out of the temple
  • 133 BCE

    The Attalids

    Attalos of Pergamon named King of Attalids
  • 63 BCE

    Pompey the Great

    Visits Jerusalem
  • Period: 44 BCE to 31 BCE

    Marc Antony

    -Vies against Octavian for control of the Roman Empire after Ceasar's assassination
    -Fled with Cleopatra and committed suicide in Alexandria, leaving Octavian with absolute control of the Mediterranean world.
  • Period: 37 BCE to 4

    Herod the Great

    Became "King of the Jews" in 40 CE
  • Period: 31 BCE to 14

    Pax Romana

    Roman peace under the Octavian rule
    -Brought an end to civil wars in 31 BCE
    -Extended Rome's borders
    -Unparalleled prosperity
  • Period: 27 BCE to 14

    Augustus

    Aka "Octavian" founder of the Roman Empire
  • Period: 4 BCE to 39

    Herod Antipas

    -Obtained Jewish Galilee and Perea on the other side of Jordan.
    -Beheaded John the Baptist
    -Rebuilt Sephoris in 4 BCE
    -Founded Tiberias in 19 CE (1st city built within Galilee)
  • Period: 1 CE to 33

    Jesus

  • Period: 26 to 36

    Pilate

    Dedicated a temple to Tiberias
    Roman Governor who presided over Jesus' trial
  • Period: 26 to 36

    Pilate

  • 33

    Jesus

    The Son of God and a Black Hebrew woman named Mary's Roman lynching.
  • 37

    Josephus

    Jewish-Roman Historian
  • Period: 37 to 100

    Josephus

    Roman-Jewish historian wrote about Jesus
  • 41

    2 Thessalonians

    Written in Paul's name
  • 50

    1 Thessalonians

    -Earliest letters from Paul we have
    -Authored by Paul, Silvanus, & Timothy
    -Written to the church of Thessaloniki in Corinth -Discusses the relationship between worship of non-ethnic Jews in the community
  • 50

    Phillipians

    Phillipi established
    -colony populated by retired Roman Generals
  • Period: 50 to 59

    Galatians

    Written by Apostel Paul to the churches of Galatia
  • Period: 50 to 55

    1-3 John

    Author unknown
  • Period: 51 to 58

    Paul

    Wrote 1 Thessalonians, Philippians, Philemon, 1, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, and Romans
  • Period: 53 to 54

    1 Corinthians

    -Written by Paul & Susthenes to the ekklesia and the sanctified ones in Corinth
    -Written in Ephesos
    -Apollos: a preacher in Acts also preaches and organizes (1 Cor: 10-17)
  • Period: 55 to 56

    2 Corinthians

    Written by Paul
  • Period: 57 to 62

    Philemon

    -Part of the "Captivity Epistles" together with Colossians and Philippians
    - Written by Paul and Timothy
    - Addresses Philemon, Apphia, and Archippus
  • Period: 59 to 60

    Romans

    -Junia & Andronicus relatives of Paul delivered his writings to the Beloved of God in Rome.
  • Period: 60 to 100

    Hebrews

    Authorship attributed to Paul
  • 61

    Colossians

    Disputed letter of Paul written after 60 CE
  • 62

    Ephesians

    Disputed letter of Paul written after Colossians
  • Period: 64 to 70

    Revelation

    The Apocalypse of John
    Some scholars argue written between 54-68
  • Period: 65 to 75

    The Gospel of Mark

    The earliest Gospel written around Syria-Palestine by an unknown author (John-Mark)
  • Period: 65 to 70

    2 Peter

    Pauline authorship unknown
  • Period: 71 to 110

    1 Peter

  • 80

    The Gospel of Matthew

    The writer Matthew is an anonymous writer who knows the law and Hebrew Bible well likely writes this text in Antioch.
  • Period: 80 to 100

    The Pastoral Epistles

    -1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus
    -Pseudepigraphical texts written by Paul's followers
  • 85

    Luke

    Author and date unknown
  • 90

    Acts

    Written by Luke
  • Period: 90 to 100

    The Gospel of John

    Unknown author likely wrote this text around Palestine, Syria, or Ephesus.
  • Period: 100 to 200

    Septuagint

    Greek translation of Hebrew Bible
  • Period: 117 to 138

    Hadrian

    Roman rule renamed the city of Jerusalem
  • 132

    Bar Kokhba Revolt

    Jewish rebellion against the Roman Empire
  • 132

    Mishna

    Commentary on the Jewish law compiled during Bar Kokhba at conference of Rabbis
  • 132

    (Yavneh) The Council of Jamnia

    Conference to compile Jewish Mishna
  • Period: 132 to 135

    Hadrian

    Roman ruler during Bark Kokhba Revolt
  • Period: 132 to 135

    Bar Kokhba Revolt

    Yavneh (Jamnia) Conference of Rabbis who compiled the Mishna
  • 144

    Marcion

    Paul apologists; argued the Old Testament no longer needed
  • 170

    Muratorian Fragment

    Oldest known list of New Testament Canon
  • 367

    Athanasius, Festal Letter

    First list of full canon as we know it
  • 1144

    Marcion

    Loves Paul and Luke and says the OT no longer needed
  • Nag Hammadi

    Collection of Gospel of Mary, Thomas, Peter, ect. found