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Prince Henry was an important figure in 15th-century Portugese politics. He was also an important part of the beginning of the Portugese Empire.
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Yonglo began exploring the South Pacific when he came to power. He started the exploration for China.
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This was the first of many voyages that Zheng He would attend. He left on July 11, 1405. He had 317 ships at his command he traveled all over the Pacific and Indian Ocean. His massive fleet showed how powerful he was.
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Johann Gutenberg, a craftsemen from Germany, reinvented movabled type in 1440. This made books easier to make and cheaper, so more of the population could learn to read.
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The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire. This event was significant because it marked the end of the Roman Empire.
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The Hundred Years' War was a war faught between several groups that were trying to gain control of the Kingdom of France. The House of Valois won the war.
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In 1488, Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias became the first European mariner to round the southern tip of Africa. He opened the way for a sea route from Europe to Asia.
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Nicolaus Copernicus was a mathematician who proposed the idea that the sun was stationary in the center of the universe and that all of the planets in our solar system revolved around it. He attended the University of Cracow in 1491 and began studying theories such as this.
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Isabella and Ferdinand went to Granada to receive the keys of the city and the principal mosque was reconsecrated as a church. The Treaty of Granada signed later that year assured religious rights to the Muslims.
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This event led to the first European contact with America. The Europeans had a very large impact in the historical development of the modern Western world.
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This agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered and explored by Christopher Columbus and other15th-century voyagers.
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Gama landed in Calicut on 20 May 1498. He reached the legendary Indian spice routes.
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This event was important because it gave Europeans an idea of what the New World looked like. Map makers named America after Amerigo Vespucci.
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He started the painting in 1503 and worked on it until he died in 1519. It is one of the most famous paintings to ever be created.
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This statue was the first large free-standing nude since ancient times. The carvings were very intrcate and showed lots of detail.
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He started the painting in 1508 and finished in 1512. This painting was unique because it blended Greek and Christian ideas.
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The School of Athens is one of the most famous frescoes by Raphael. It shows how the Greeks had an effect on the Renaissance.
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This was a list of things wrong with the Catholic church, written by Martin Luther. Many people view this as the start of the formation of the Protestant church.
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He landed here on February 27, 1519. Cortes claimed the land for the Spanish empire. During the time he was making his way through the land, Cortez recieved more soldiers and acquired more horses for his group.
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He trapped Atahualpa by luring him to a feast in the emperor's honor and then fired at the Incans. Pizarro captured Atahualpa and forced him to convert to Christianity before killing him.
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This book was a guide for rulers. It taught them how to keep their position even if they have enemies.
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Ivan IV was sometimes called "Ivan the Terrible." He was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533-1547 and Tsar of all the Russias from 1547 until he died.
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The initial voyage helped change the French's view on North America. It was believed that the area’s only value was its fisheries, however, he reported that there were fertile lands and the possibility of mineral wealth.
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Anne Boleyn was the wife of King Henry VIII, and gave birth to their daughter. She was then executed for being accused of perfoming witchcraft.
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Edward VI was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until he died. He was the first English monarch raised as a protestant.
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The Jesuit order is a Christian male religious congregation of the Catholic church. Ignatius of Loyola founded it after being wounded in battle and experiencing a religious conversion.
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Mary I reigned from from 1553-1558. Her many executions of protestants gave her the nickname "Bloody Mary".
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The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V and the Schmalkaldic league. It made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire.
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When Charles V retired to a Spanish monastery, he divided his empire. His son (Philip II) inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies.
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Elizabeth I was the Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death. She was the fifth and last monarch in the Tudor dynasty. She also never had any children.
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The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre occurred in 1572. It was a targeted group of assassinations, and was then followed by Catholic mob violence, both directed against the Huguenots
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The Dutch Revolt began in 1579 when the northern, largely Protestant Seven Provinces of the Low Countries against the rule of the Roman Catholic King Philip II of Spain, revolted and declared independence. Philip II had inherited that land.
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The English East Company was founded on December 31, 1600 by John Watts. It was an English joint-stock company formed to pursue trade with the East Indies.
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The Dutch East India Company was founded by Jan van Riebeeck in 1602.The general of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia.
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When Elizabeth I of England died in 1603 unmarried, James was crowned King James I of England.
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Henry Hudson had planned to use his Discovery to further explore Hudson Bay with the continuing goal of discovering the Passage. However, most of his crew wanted to return home. His crew sent Hudson away on his own boat with his son.
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He was a very famous writer, actor, poet, and playwright. He is often regarded as the greatest English writer to ever live.
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The Thirty Years' War was a group of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It initially began as a war between Catholic and Protestant states. However, the war continued for several other reasons.
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Louis XII relied heavily on Cardinal Richelieu to govern France. Together, they put an end to the revolt of the French Nobility.
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Charles I was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was executed in 1649.
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Galileo Galilei published his findings in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems in 1632. Many people reacted harshly to this event, and in 1633, Galileo's famous trial took place.
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The English Civil war was a series of battles and political machinations between Parliamentarians. This war lasted from 1642-1651.
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Settlers lived together peacefully in New York until there was a short period of English rule when the Netherlands got the settlement back. New York was then under England's rule.
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These expeditions were a series of trips into the Mississippi and Ohio Valley. Much of this land had not been explored by any Europeans before. On the third trip to America, La Salle canoed down the Mississippi and at the mouth of the river he buried an engraved plate and a cross claiming the territory for France.
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First published in Latin, this book held all of Newton's mathematical findings. It states Newton's very famous Laws of Motion.
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This book is a work of political philosophy published by John Locke. Many of Locke's ideas on government and society are discussed in this book.
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This was the first world war of modern times. The war occurred in Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland, and at sea.
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Celsius is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It is named after Anders Celsius who created the scale. Much of the world uses this scale today.
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Gariel Fahrenheit created the first mercury-in-glass thermometer in 1714. He then created a temperature scale that is now named after him.
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Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire. He died on February 8, 1725.
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During his reign, Frederick achieved military victories, he reorganized Prussian armies, and he came out victorious in the Seven Year' War despite the odds that were against him. He achieved many things during this time and was given the nickname "Frederick the Great."
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Maria Theresa began ruling when her father passed away in October of 1740. She ruled for 40 years.
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The Spirit of Laws is a work filled with political theory, Baron von Montesquieu first published this work anonomously.
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The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748 ended the War of the Austrian Succession. Mother Theresa lost Silesia because of this treaty.
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The first volume of the Encyclopedia held an incredible amount of information and was a great source of knowledge. It was used by many and became a very beneficial work.
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Some of the greatest powers at the time contributed to and affected many nations. The war was driven by the conflict between Great Britain and the Bourbons resulting from overlapping interests in their colonial and trade empires.
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Mary Wollstonecraft was an English writer, philosopher, and an advocate of women's rights. During her life, she wrote many works. Her ideas are still used today and her actions were a huge leap towards gender equality.
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"On Crimes and Punishment" marked the high point of the Milan Enlightenment. In this work, Cesare Baccaria voiced some of his opinions on the death penalty. He discussed that crimes should be dealt with in a rational way, and many of his ideas are still used today.
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The Partitions of Poland were a series of three partitions that took place towards the end of the 18th century and eliminated Poland for 123 years. The first Partition was decided on August 5, 1772. From then on, more partitions were decided until Poland was taken off the map.
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On December 16, 1773, Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty climbed onto three ships in the Boston harbor and threw 342 chests of tea overboard. After this happened, the passage of the punitive Coercive Acts in 1774 occured and the two sides were becoming closer to going into war.
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This document stated that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states. Though many people believe that the document was signed on the 4th of July, the date has been disputed. Some think it may have been signed nearly a month after that date.
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73 delegates were appointed to the Constitutional Convention. The Constitution is the supreme law of the United States and is a very important document.
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The Haitian Revolution occured from 1791 until 1804. This revolution led to the founding of a state.
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The Romanov Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty, It ruled over Russia.
