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Tokugawa Shogunate and Isolation
They had a 200 year long period of isolation. They missed out on modernization. This isolation protected them from western influence, but it caused issues with the progress of industrialization. The daimyo (landowning lord) and faced hardships because their income relied on agriculture production. There were issues with classes that caused power to slip. The samurai were higher up in the class levels and they were part of the reason that there was some conflict between the classes to arise. -
Daimyo
The daimyo was the “landowning lord” and they faced hardships because their income relied on agriculture production. There were some issues with class levels that also caused some power to slip. The samurai were higher up in the class levels and they were part of the reason that there was some conflict between the classes to arise. -
Samurai
The samurai were higher up in the class levels and they were part of the reason that there was some conflict between the classes to arise. -
English East India Company
The English East India company gets to India and is in search of a way to bypass the Ottoman empire to trade with the east. The company started to get land in India and ended up with enough power to overthrow the leaders in that area. By doing so they defeated the French and started their own little government. -
Mughal Empire
Since the 16th century, the Mughal Empire was very wealthy, and the Indian empires valued trade and exported many valuable goods. In the 18th century, the Mughal Empire began heavily taxing goods and started a war with Hindi, this later led to the economic weakening of the Mughal economy and over time became a very weak empire -
Islam
The Mughal Empire was ruled by Islamic leaders, but they were very tolerant of other religions. Due to the tolerance of the Mughal Empire, they were able to rule over Hindi for a long time until they began heavily taxing Hindi and started a war with them. -
Sepoy
Sepoys are Indian soldiers that fought for Brittan when they were trying to take over the Mughal Empire. The sepoys were used when other European countries realized how weak the Mugal Empire was . -
Qing Government
The Qing government in China was known for exporting luxury goods. Britain became interested in selling the drug opium, but in 1800 the Qing dynasty outlawed the trade of opium. -
Sati
Great Britain outlawed Sati at this time. This act was to stop widows from jumping on their dead husbands while they were being cremated. Sati was a traditional practice for Hinduism to show their devotion to their husband. -
Sati
Great Britain outlawed Sati at this time. This act was to stop widows from jumping on their dead husbands while they were being cremated. Sati was a traditional practice for Hinduism to show their devotion to their husband (Certell, N.D.). -
Indian Slavery Act
Under the East India Company, British policies were instituted. The Indian Slavery Act was passed in 1843, outlawing economic transactions associated with the institution of slavery. (Certell, N.D.) Because of the Indian Slavery act slavery was later abolished. -
Opium
Opium was being grown in India and traded in China where the Quing people became very addicted. In 1839 the Chinese government began to ban the addictive drug which led to the opium wars. -
Lin Zexu
After the ban of opium in 1839 Lin Zexu began punishing opium smugglers and encouraged banning trade so no opium could be brought into the country. -
Opium Wars
The Opium Wars started in November 1839 when Chinese and British ships began attacking each other. The fighting between the two ships sparked a two year long war. -
Treaty of Nanjing
In 1842 the Treaty of Nanjing ended the first Opium War; the treaty was supposed to allow China to place a fair and reasonable tariff on Britain. -
Caste System
The English East India Company also banned the caste system. The castle system was the religious social structure of Hinduism. They also mandated that Western Education practices were used. -
Hong Xiuquan
In 1850 Hong Xiuquan encouraged his followers to overthrow the Qing Dynasty because in the previous years there had been lots of flooding that caused loss of crops, famine, and unrest. Hong Xiuquan armed his followers and believed he was told by Jesus to fight to overthrow the government. Hong and his followers were finally stopped in 1864 after he died. -
Commodore Matthew Perry and Favored National Treaty
Commodore Matthew Perry gave a personal letter for Fillmore to go to Japan to ask for trade. Perry’s goal was to get a favored- nation treaty so that Japan wouldn’t question America in the future. -
Millard Filmore
The US president, Millard Filmore, wanted to trade with Japan to benefit their good income. Another reason they wanted to was so that they could beat Russia to a trade agreement with Japan. They were willing to use force if they needed to, to get this trade agreement. -
Viceroy
The British Parliament started by having a British Viceroy (British Governor) put into power. Their goal was to put India into the British Empire’s entire economy. They saw it as a place that they could get lots of goods and resources from. -
British Raj
The Indians took over Delhi in 1858 in what is known as the sepoy rebellion. In response to this the British parliament abolished the East India Company in 1858 and decided to rule India. This was the start to the British Raj. -
Treaties of Tianjin
Signed in 1858, the treaties of Tianjin allowed Britain to travel into China and also lift the ban of Opium. -
Empress Ci Xi
In 1861 Empress Cixi gained power and istated changes that were meant to strengthen the Qing Dynasty. Cixi was one of the Emperors’ concubines. After his death, their son become emperor; however most of his reign was overshadowed by his mother (Certell, N.D.). -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion occurred in 1864 and was led by Hong Xiuquan. The rebellion was the most devastating peasant revolt in history and the goal of the rebellion was to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. -
Meiji Restoration and Coup D’etat
Japan went under the Meiji Restoration. This overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate, established a military government, and returned power to the emperor. This was the coup d’etat of the Samurai. The goal of the Samurai was to strengthen the army and prevent infighting between territories and Japan quickly rose to power in Asia. -
Suez Canal
In 1869 the Suez Canal, which was built by the Ottoman Empire, was opened. This allowed for easy access for the British to get into India without having to circle around Africa. This made it easier for them to have control. -
Zaibatsus
As more and more industrialization happened there were also some changes in Japan. There were very large and wealthy families that had some power over others. These families were known as the Zaibatsus. These families began to dominate the Japanese industrial world. Industrialization also caused the Samurai to decrease in the amount of power that they held. The new government also decided that there would be now legal distinctions between classes. -
Guang Xu
In 1873, Cixi's nephew Guangxu was appointed the heir. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but ruled under the influence of Cixi until 1889. -
Indian National Congress
Because of the poor treatment of the Indian soldiers, the poor impact on India’s economy, and the issues of their education systems this started the creation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. This also was the beginning of the National Independence Movement. -
National Independence Movement
Because of the poor treatment of the Indian soldiers, the poor impact on India’s economy, and the issues of their education systems this started the creation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. This also was the beginning of the National Independence Movement. -
Iwakura Mission and Parliamentary System
Japan took full advantage of the power that they held and did some exploration of different power systems. This was called the Iwakura mission and they ended up not following what the US had been using because they saw what damage the Civil War had caused. Instead, they followed after Europe and put into play a parliamentary system. Japan also created a constitution in 1889 to prove to the western countries that they should be taken seriously. -
Diet
The constitution that was created was based on the Germans who created a legislature called the Diet, where the lower class was elected and the upper class was made of land-owning daimyo. The emperor could pick the cabinet and appoint the prime minister who's in charge of legislature. The emperor had control of the navy and held real power. Western education practices was also a big thing for this time. The samurai traditions also came back as well as the mix of western and japanese education. -
Sino-Japanese War
The Sino-Japanese War occurred in 1895 and was a war between China and Japan. During the war Japan showed how powerful they were and China showed how weak it was. -
The Hundred Day Reform
The Hundred Day Reform happened in 1898 when reformers were upset over the loss of Japan. -
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion occurred when officials, led by Cixi, took power. In 1899 the Boxers who were highly trained in martial arts went across China and attempted to kill foreigners. Other countries attacked the Boxers and forced China to give more rights to westerners. -
Manchuria
Russia was looking for a water port and wanted to use the one that the Japanese had. They tried to negotiate with each other, but Russia was unwilling to compromise. The Japanese planned a surprise attack in 1904 which led into a war that lasted 1 year long and caused 150,000 casualties. Most of the fighting occured in Manchuria and China. -
Treaty of Portsmouth
After Japan won the war they had an extreme lack of money and supplies. Because of lack of funds, Japan had little say in the treaty and Theodore Rosevelt ended up siding with Russia. -
Theodore Roosevelt
The treaty negotiations were mediated by U.S president Theodore Roosevelt in 1917 (Certell, N.D.). He supported Russia and because of his opinions caused Anti-American riots in Japan. -
Amritsar Massacre
The city banned any protest and meetings on April 13th, 1919. However, there was a group that gathered to celebrate Sikh Baisakh, but they didn’t know that this was banned at this time. There was also another gathering that was happening in the park and the British troops ended up starting to fire into the crowd without warning and killed hundreds of people. This was called the Amritsar Massacre, and it only furthered the separation that the British and the Indians were already having.