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Charles Elliot
Charles Elliot and his peers recognize the need for young adolescents to excel as they were being held back when schools were ranging from grades 1st through 8th. -
Junior High Schools
Junior High Schools were on the rise as people began to see the need for middle grades. -
Alvin Howard
Alvin Howard is the first to advocate schools consisting of grades 6th though 8th. -
William Alexander
William Alexander gives a speech at a conference suggesting to change the name of "junior high" to "middle school." This ignites the middle school movement. Alexander is sometimes referred to as the "father of the middle school movement." -
William Alexander and Emmett Williams
William Alexander and Emmett Williams are the first to recommend grades 5 though 8 in schools with "wing units." -
Donald Eichorn
Donald Eichorn was the first to write and publish a book that prompted for 6th though 8th teaching. -
This We Believe
"This We Believe" was written by members of the National Middle School Association. This document outlined core principles and philosophies that governed the middle school movement. -
Turning Points: Educating Adolescents in the 21st Century
"Turning Points: Educating Adolescents in the 21st Century (1989)" was published by the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development to outline the 8 principles of middle school beliefs and values. -
Caught in the Middle: Educational Reform for Young Adolescents in California Public Schools
The California State Department of Education issued this report to highlight the need of middle schools. This report was followed by many other states issuing similar reports. -
Turning Points: Preparing American Youth for the 21st Century
"Turning Points: Preparing American Youth for the 21st Century" was a report from the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development that provide guidelines for effective classroom applications as a model for middle schools. -
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Beane
Beane writes multiple articles that appear in the "Middle School Journal." His articles are focused on the curriculum of middle schools. His writings have influenced the curriculum we know today. -
John Loundsbury
John Loundsbury conducted the first comparable study and found that middle schools and junior highs were very similar. -
Turning Points 2000: A Blue Print for Middle Grades Education Reform
Anthony Jackson and Gayle Davis co-authored this report. Their research outlined what has been learned about the middle school through the years as well as provide a guide for what works.