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The Ottoman Empire extends over most of the Arab world
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Napoleon Bonaparte, the French military commander, invades and conquers Egypt
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France conquered and colonized Algeria
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Aisha Taymur, the distinguished female poet and writer, is born in Egypt
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Britain maintains control over several independent emirates of the Persian Gulf
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Christian Arabs leave the Middle East in large numbers, many emigrating to the United States
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Lebanese poet Warda al-Yaziji publishes her collection of poems
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The Suez Canal, a crucial communication and transportation link between the Mediterranean and Red Seas, opens in Egypt
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The French conquer and colonize Tunisia
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Anti-Jewish riots (pogroms) in southern Russia lead Alexander III to expel Jews from the region
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British troops take control of Egypt
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The first Arabic-language newspaper in the United States is published
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Theodor Herzl publishes his vision for a state where Jews could live free from persecution
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The Zionist Organization is founded by Theodor Herzl
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The Egyptian book The Liberation of Women stimulates enormous public debate on women's status in Egypt