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Conquered England, molding Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into one people.
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King Edward took the throne. But died January 1066 without and heir. A great struggle for the throne erupted, which lead to one last invasion. On October 14, 1066, Normans and Anglo-Saxons fought the battle that changed the course of English history (the Battle of Hastings)
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Henry ruled England. He strengthened the royal courts of justice by sending royal judges to every part of England at least once a year.
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One of the most powerful Capetians was Philip ll, called Philip Augustus, who ruled in this time.
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Richard the Lion-Hearted dided so his younger brother John took the throne. He failed as a military leader and developed the nickname John Softsword.
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The nobles forced John to agree to the most celebrated documjent in England history, the Magna Carta (Great Charter)
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France's central government became even stronger during the reign of Philip's grandson, Louis IX, who ruled during this time.
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Philip IV ruled France during this time, and was involved in a quarrel with the pope.
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Edward summoned two burgesses from every borough and two knights from every cdountry to serve as a parliament, or legislative group.
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Pope Boniface VIII attempted to enforce papal authority on kings as previous popes had.
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Philip IV persuaded the College of Cardinals to choose a French archbishop as the new pope. A new pope was selected and moved from Rome to the city of Avignon in France.
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The war that Edward III launched for the French throne continued on and off in this time.
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The first and most spectacular battle was the Battle of Crecy.
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A fleet of Genoese merchant ships arrived in Sicily carrying bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death.
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The Council of Constance attempted to end the Great Schism by choosing a single pope. Also Jan Hus was seized by Church leaders.
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Jan Hus was tried as a heretic, and then burned at the stake.
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The French and English signed a treaty stating that Henry V would inherit the French crown upoh the death of the French king Charles VI.
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The French rallied and drove the English out of France entirely, except for the port city of Calais.
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Joan led the French army into battle at a fort city near Orleans. The fort blocked the road to Orleans.
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Condemned as a witch and a heretic because of her claim to hear voices, Joan was burned at the stake.
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The end of the Hundred Years' War also the end of the Middle Ages. The twin pillars of the medieval world, rligious devotion and the code of chivalry, both crumbled. The Age of Faith also died a slow death.
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Managed to turn back the Viking invaders. He and his successors unitecd the kingdom under one rule, calling it England, "land of the Angles."