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Nov 9, 610
Heraclius I.
Heraclius becomes Emperor in Constantinople as the Persian Empire is attempting the takeover of Byzantine civilization. -
Nov 9, 622
The Hijra of Muhammad
Muslim traditions say that there were several attempts to assassinate Muhammad. Muhammad then resolved to emigrate to Medina, a large agricultural oasis where there were a number of Muslim converts. -
Mar 15, 624
Muslims Defeat Meccans
The Meccans and the Muslims clashed. Though outnumbered more than three times in the battle, the Muslims met with success, killing at least forty-five Meccans and taking seventy prisoners for ransom; only fourteen Muslims died. This marked the real beginning of Muslim military achievement. -
Nov 10, 674
First Siege of Constantinople
The First Arab Siege of Constantinople in 674 was a major conflict of the Byzantine-Arab Wars.
The Arabs attempt to conquer Constantinople but fail. -
Nov 10, 717
Second Siege of Constantinople
The Arabs attempt to conquer Constantinople for the second time. Byzantine Emperor Leo the Isaurian, who reigns until 741, counters the Arab attempt with "Greek Fire" and great military strength. Leo defeats the Arab forces and reconquers most of Asia Minor. -
Oct 10, 732
Battle of Tours
The Battle of tours was faught during the muslim invasions of western europe. Duke Odo, who was fending off the Muslims, saught help from the franks, and with the help of Charles and his army, defeated the Umayyad army and Killed the Leader Abdul Rahman. The Defeat allowed further development in western europe ans saved western Christendom. -
Nov 10, 750
Beowulf
The first great English epic poem. It’s writen in Old English. It is a Christian poem that exemplifies early medieval society in England and shows roots in Old Testament Law. -
Nov 10, 751
Pepin Elevated to King
Pepin the Short becomes King of the Franks. -
Nov 12, 1054
Schism of 1054
The East-West Schism which divided the church into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. -
Nov 12, 1095
The First Crusade
initiated when Byzantine Emperor requests help in reconquering the lost territory of Asia Minor. Western Europe sends enormous support to rescue Jerusalem from the control of Islam. Pope Urban II calls the crusade to strengthen the Gregorian papacy by bringing the Greek Orthodox Church under papal authority and by humiliating the German emperor Henry IV who had forced Urban to flee Italy. -
Apr 6, 1122
Eleanor of Aquataine
Eleanor was one of Europes most important female individuals. At 15 she was left a large inheritance. She married twice, and produced sons in her second marriage, to Henry Who became King of England. She was activly involved in running Henrys empire when he was away, and was later the regent in England when her son Richard Joined the Third crusade. She also was an important patron of poets and writters, and was also involved in affairs over Aquataine. -
Nov 12, 1147
The Second Crusade
It was an overall failure. -
Nov 12, 1184
Medieval Inquisitions Begin
The Medieval Inquisition is a term historians use to describe the various inquisitions that started around 1184, including the Episcopal inquisition (1184-1230s) and later the Papal inquisition (1230s) by the Roman Catholic Church. It was in response to large popular movements throughout Europe considered apostate or heretical to Christianity, in particular Catharism and Waldensians in southern France and northern Italy. These were the first inquisition movements of many that would follow. -
Period: Nov 12, 1189 to Nov 12, 1192
The Third Crusade
An attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. It was led by German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, French King Philip Augustus, and English King Richard the Lionhearted. It is not successful. Barbarossa of Germany dies, Richard the Lionheart gets restricted access to Holy Sites. -
Period: Nov 12, 1202 to Nov 12, 1204
The Fourth Crusade
Diverted by Venice to sack Constantinople, the Crusaders establish Latin states in Byzantine territory. -
Nov 12, 1215
The Magna Carta
English barons write "The Magna Carta" (Great Charter) in order to cease John's demands of money from the English without the consent of the barons and to require that all men be judged by a jury of peers in public courts, rather than privately by the crown. The Magna Carta serves as a symbol of a limited government and a crown that is bound by the same laws as the public. -
Period: Nov 12, 1226 to Nov 12, 1270
Louis IX (St. Louis)
Louis IX, son of Louis VIII, is one of the most loved monarchs of French history. He is canonized by the Church for his piety and reigns over a period of internal peace in France. -
Nov 12, 1254
Marco Polo
Marco polo was an important figure in Mideval Europe because he traveled to Cathay (The empire of China) and was invited into the palace, along with his father and uncle, to stay with Kublai Khan. Marco Polo studied Chinese and eventually became emploed as an Envoy of the Chinese Monarch. After Staying for many years , the Polo trio head back to Europe. when Back, Marco Polo gets captured by The Genonese, and while captured has a writter note his travels. This Manuscript becomes famous. -
Nov 12, 1337
100 years war
Starting in 1337, and lasting till 1453, the Hundred years war was a series of Battles between England and France. In this war, Joan of Arc helped the France defeat England. The Battle also lead to the development of technoogy with new siege engines and the use of the Longbow as an English weapon. -
Nov 12, 1378
The Western Schism
The French papacy leaves Rome due to the uprising of Urban VI and his group of newly founded cardinals. The split of the two groups causes confusion in Europe. French territories recognize Clement VII as pope, and the rest of Europe recognizes Urban VI as pope. The schism survives the death of both popes. -
Nov 12, 1378
The western Schism
Three claimant popes were elected simultaneously. The Avignon Papacy ends. The second phase of the Church's institutional crisis is the Great Schism. The French papacy leaves Rome due to the uprising of Urban VI and his group of newly founded cardinals. The split of the two groups causes confusion in Europe. French territories recognize Clement VII as pope, and the rest of Europe recognizes Urban VI as pope. The schism survives the death of both popes. -
Nov 12, 1381
Peasants' Revolt in England
The peasants march into London, murder the lord chancellor and treasurer and are met by Richard II. Richard promises the abolition of serfdom and a lower of rent. After the peasants leave, Richard has the peasant groups followed and murdered. -
Nov 12, 1412
Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc, was a Peasant girl Who believed that the Voice of god had spoken to her and persuaded her to tell Charles that if he can fight his way to Reims to be consecrated, France will have a king. She Fights alongside the army, and eventually Charles Is crowned King of France. Later she is captured by the burgundians, who hand her over to the English, who proceed to burn her at stake for being framed as a heretic. she played a key role in Charles Crowning. -
Nov 12, 1417
The Council of Constance
The Council of Constance, the largest Church meeting in medieval history, ends the Great Schism. The council gains secular support and elects Martin V as pope. It replaces papal monarchy with a conciliar government, which recognizes a council of prelates as the pope's authority, and mandates the frequent meeting of the council. This new period is known as the Italian territorial papacy, which lasts until 1517. -
Nov 12, 1453
The Fall of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople marked the end of the final remnant of the Roman Empire that lasted about 1,500 years. It was a capture of the Byzanine Empire, which occured after a siege by the Ottoman empire. Many inhabitants fled to Italy which helped start the rennissance and end the middle ages. -
Nov 12, 1453
End of the 100 years war
English have lost all French possessions except Calais. The French king Charles VII captures Bordeaux in the southwest and ends the Hundred Years' War, during the reign of English King Henry VI and after the withdrawal of Burgandy from English alliance. The French monarchy reestablishes rule and returns to collecting national taxes and maintaining a standing army in times of peace. The monarchy becomes even stronger during the reigns of Louis XI (1461-1483) and Louis XII (1498-1515). -
Pope Gregory
Held the papacy from September 3, 590 to his death on March 12, 604. Originally a Benedictine. He creates the Latin church, which serves to counteract the subordination of the Roman popes to Eastern emperors. -
Pepin of Heristal
A Merovingian ruler, unites the Frankish territories and builds the center of his kingdom in Belgium and other Rhine regions. He is succeeded by his son, Charles Martel, who forms an alliance with the Church which helps the Merovingian Dynasty to expand into Germany. -
Otto The Great
Otto the Great is crowned king in Germany and is responsible for Germany's strength through the latter part of the eleventh century. Otto establishes a pattern of resistance to political fragmentation and a close alliance with the Church. -
Period: to
Charlemagne King of the Franks
Charlemagne succeeds his father. In time, his empire, known as the Carolingian dynasty. Charlemagne's system of government divides the vast realm into different regions, ruled by local "counts" who are overseen by representatives of Charlemagne's own court. In addition, to aid expansion and adminis
