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end at rape of Lucretia by Brutus
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"SPQR" - The Senate and The Roman People; the sum up of the political existence for Rome.
Republican Ideal of a shared government
patricians: privileged legal status determined at birth
plebeians: commoners
Senator must be wealthy and own property and has served 10 years in military
2 consuls, Senate and Assembly
Senate: A political assembly whose members were mainly rich landowners -
Control of Sicily, Trade
Unintentional Roman Expansion -
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"circus and bread"
Policies:
i. patriotism - support regime, serve in the army
ii. piety - state religion, may keep own religion, but must attend festivals
iii. family - marry & have sons, outlawed divorce, must have children -
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ran the gandara region
arts, language
many different languages and goods exchanged
became Buddhists and spread Buddhism into central Asia and China -
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- Barbarian Invasion from Outside
- Rebellions From Inside (Syria, Egypt, Roman Generals that became warlords, Christian communities that rejected Roman Authority)
- Economic Trouble: Military Expenses
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converted to Christianity in 312 A.D.
first Christian Emperor of Rome
legalized Christianity
assembled the Council of Nicaea to define orthodoxy due to many disagreements; Nicene Creed -
allows the practice of all religions in the Roman Empire
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-modeled after the Mauryan Empire
-exacted construction and upkeep of roads, wells and irrigation systems
-governorship: distant areas were designated governors
-gupta kings were patrons of the arts
-religion: Hindu but respected all faiths
-Buddhist monasteries flourished -
"Hinayana" (lesser vehicle) - original teachings of the Buddha
"Mahayana" (greater vehicle) - Buddha is seen at least semi-divine
Mahayana Buddhism = syncretic
Syncretism: successful religions tend to incorporate (reinterpret) ideas, images and practices from other religions -