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Includes build-up and aftermath
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-Anti-Semitism; Jewish pogroms
-one man rule; one religion, one race - favored nobility over peasants/working class
*set the stage for Czar Nicholas II's reign with public unrest -
Believed in Autocracy; Rejected Democracy
Disconnected from citizens - Resulted in public unrest
Made the Duma (elected legislature created to keep people happy) ineffective
*Built up more and more unrest, even among the Nobles -
Russia and Japan found themselves in competition over territory in northern China. Japan won as they were closer and able to more easily supply resources and troops.
*Russians were embarrassed that they lost to Japan -> They blamed Czar Nicholas II -
Czar Nicholas II creates the Duma, a government body with elected individuals, to please the citizens and to make them think they have power. -
Russians marched on the Czar's Winter Palace to protest their grievances and to demand relief from their working a living conditions. The police opened fire on them and killed 100 people + injured 3,000 more.
*This event sparks outrage in the Russian people which forces Czar Nicholas II to create the Duma -
Russia joined the war on the Allies' side and fought Germany on the Eastern Front. They were short on supplies for the years in war and they eventually made a treaty with Germany that pulled them out of WWI
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An uneducated peasant said to be a healer and an exorcist.
Influenced the royal family as he had helped ease the son's suffering from hemophilia.
Believed to be the true voice of Russia.
*Assassinated by Nobles who feared his growing influence in the government. -
Striking workers were joined by military and more workers to march for socialist reforms.
Russians set up Provisional Government whilst they created the new government.
Provisional Government kept Russia in WWI
*Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne and Russians set up Provisional Government -
Lenin started the Revolution to overthrow the Provisional Government and create a communist state.
Communism appealed to soviets -> local groups of workers, peasants, and military men that supported the revolution.
Lenin creates Cheka -> Secret Police that would protect the revolution by arresting, exiling, or executing all threats and opposition to the revolution.
*Cheka killed over 6000 political opponents and also killed the Romanov family. -
Red Army vs White Army
Red Army = Bolsheviks -> Protect Revolution and spread Communism.
Had control of Industrial areas but had no other supporters.
White Army = Anti-Bolsheviks, conservatives, Allies -> Wanted to stop Communism.
Vastly outnumbered Red Army but was not unified and had lack of resources.
*Red Army wins and takes control of Russia, making it a Communist State -
Russia becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Led by Lenin and the Communist Party
*Leads to long-term resource shortages and starvation -
Competition to replace Lenin was between Trotsky and Stalin
*Lead to a less unified Country as the new leaders were not liked by everyone -
Stalin was not favored by Lenin, but he was able to work his way into being the new leader of the Soviet Union.
Ruled as a Dictator
*Killed or exiled anyone that could be seen as a threat, which created a ideal that most dictators would follow. -
Leon Trotsky was the leader of the Red Army in the October Revolution.
*Stalin was able to rule unopposed