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The Qing emperor agreed to recieve an ambassador from England. The man brought goods, and the chinese said they were not interested in the "strange objects they brought.
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Opium was a drug that had been used for relieving pain, but the british were sneaking it in for nonmedical use. by 1835 12 million chinese were addicted.
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The chinese told the british to stop trading it, and the refused so war broke out. China was outdated and stood no chance. They got slaughtered and in 1842 signed a treaty.
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Population had grown to 430 million by 1850. Their goverment was corrupt, the opium addiction rised, and hunger was beginning to be a big problem.
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The U.S was a long term tading partner, we were worried other nations would get involved so we said Chinas "doors" be open to all.
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The boxers are out for blood and a multinational force quickly defeats the boxers. Despite the failure there was some a sense of nationalism.
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Select group of chinese travel around the world and study goverments. In 1908 the court announced it would establish a full constitutional goverment by 1917.