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Motivated by God, Gold, and Glory, the Portuguese, being a small seafaring country, were the first to venture into Africa in search of gold
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Under Sultan Memet II, determined to capture the city, the Ottomans are able to conquer Constantinople from the Byzantines through superior numbers gained by janissaries, weapons/massive siege cannons, and superior location creating a Byzantine sandwich
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Funded by Queen Isabella of Spain, CC sailed west across Atlantic in hopes of finding an alternate route to Asia, instead discovered the Americas
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Treaty dividing up the world into Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence, based on what routes each nation was allowed to take across the sea.
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Vasco de Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1497, made stops in East Africa before sailing across the Indian ocean to Calicut, a major spice port which Europeans believed at first to be the source of the spices
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During this time period, as many as 10 million Africans were taken from Africa to the Americas to be used as labor on plantations for sugar, coffee, tobacco, and more
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Control of Malacca meant a near (but not complete) monopoly of the spice trade for Portugal. Having this port helped to destroy Arab spice monopoly, served as a way station to the Spice Islands, and gave the Portuguese a better ability to expand east into China Portuguese success in the Spice trade was largely due to strong seamanship and weaponry.
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Limited to trading in Macao, didn't end up causing much of an impact in China
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Originally welcomed as a god, the spanish conquistadors decimated the Aztecs by killing many of them with disease and allying with Aztec enemies
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Babur, beginning with land inherited from Tamerlane, extends his reign south, capturing Kabul in 1504 and crossing into India in 1517, creating the Mughal Empire.
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An attempt to protect the Native Americans was vastly abused by the conquistadors far away from the crown
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Oda Nobunaga seized Kyoto and began unification process in Japan
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Spanish defeated the turks in a naval battle marking a significant European victory, but the Turks were not dettered and captured Cyprus a year later
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1587: Attempts to expel Christian missionaries
1590: accepted by most daimyo, national currency, Japan almost stable -
Ieyasu Tokugawa declared himself the new shogun, completing the unification of Japan and ushering in the longest lasting Japanese shogunate
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After Jesuit missionaries served only to destabilize Japan, Ieyasu expelled all of them and closed Japan to all Western influence with the exception of Deshima
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Issues with Manchus up North allow for a revolt to spread, Manchus take advantage and seize Beijing, last Manchu emperor kills himself
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Controversial Mughal ruler who was very strict on policies and a devout Muslim, and reverted previous stances on religious tolerance in India, upsetting Hindus and sparking revolts that eventually weakened the dynasty to a state of virtual collapse
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Already weakened from internal pressures, Persia invaded and left the capital in shambles, stealing the Peacock Throne
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Battle between small BEIC and Mughals which the BEIC won, granting them power to collect taxes and move farther inward, eventually leading to total British takeover of the subcontinent and destroying India's economy