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Period: to
Beginning of the Haitian revolution
Slaves in Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) were fed up with their harsh conditions and began revolting against French colonial rule. -
Massive slave uprising
It got real when the revolution kicked off big time with a massive slave uprising, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture and other leaders. -
France free the slaves
France was like, "Okay, fine, we'll free the slaves," because they were dealing with
their own revolution drama at home. Toussaint was like, "Cool, cool," and joined forces
with them -
Toussaint was running the show
Toussaint was running the show, declaring himself Governor-General for life. He was
all about peace and order, but France wasn't feeling it. -
France shut Toussaint down
France was like, "Nah, we're not cool with this," and sent Napoleon's troops to shut
Toussaint down. -
Toussaint got betrayed
Toussaint got betrayed, captured, and sent to die in a French prison. But his peeps
didn't give up the fight. -
Haiti declared independence
Boom! Haiti declared independence, becoming the first black republic in the world.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines was like, "I'm the big boss now," and became the first ruler of
independent Haiti. -
Griot de Dolores
September 16 - The "Grito de Dolores" (Cry of Dolores) is issued by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic
priest, rallying Mexicans to revolt against Spanish colonial rule. This event marks the beginning of the
Mexican War of Independence. -
Bolívar becomes involved
Bolívar becomes involved in the Venezuelan independence movement following the
outbreak of the Venezuelan War of Independence against Spanish colonial rule. -
Hidalgo's forces suffer defeat
Hidalgo's forces suffer defeat at the Battle of Calderón Bridge, leading to his capture and execution. José
María Morelos assumes leadership of the independence movement. -
Morelos convenes the Congress of Chilpancingo
Morelos convenes the Congress of Chilpancingo, which declares Mexico's independence and adopts the
"Sentiments of the Nation" document outlining principles for a future Mexican state. -
Decree of War to the Death
Bolívar issues the "Decree of War to the Death" (Decreto de Guerra a Muerte), which
declared total war against Spanish forces and harsh treatment for any captured
Spaniards. -
Morelos is captured
Morelos is captured and executed by Spanish forces. The independence movement faces setbacks but
continues under other leaders. -
Bolívar leads the daring and arduous
Bolívar leads the daring and arduous "Admirable Campaign," crossing the Andes from
Venezuela into New Granada (present-day Colombia), defeating Spanish forces, and
liberating several territories. -
Spain rebellion
Liberal factions within Spain's army initiate a rebellion, leading to the adoption of the liberal Spanish
Constitution of 1812. This event encourages Mexican independence supporters. -
Agustin de iturbide joins forces with Vicente Guerrero
Agustín de Iturbide, a former royalist officer, joins forces with Vicente Guerrero, a revolutionary leader, to
form the Plan of Iguala, which calls for Mexican independence, unity, and equality. This alliance marks a
crucial turning point in the independence struggle. -
Treaty of Córdoba
The Plan of Iguala leads to the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba on August 24, effectively ending the war
and recognizing Mexico's independence from Spain. -
Bolivars forces achieve victory
Bolívar's forces, alongside those of his ally José de San Martín, achieve victory over
Spanish forces in the Battle of Carabobo, securing Venezuela's independence. -
Battle of Juninho in Peru
Bolívar leads the Battle of Junín in Peru, securing a decisive victory against Spanish
forces. -
Bolivia, named in honor of Bolívar
Bolivia, named in honor of Bolívar, is established as an independent republic. -
Congress fails to achieve unity with independent Latin American nations
Bolívar convenes the Congress of Panama, aiming to promote unity and cooperation
among the newly independent Latin American nations. However, the congress fails to
achieve significant results.