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586 BCE
Ottoman Empire destructs Jerusalem
At the same time, Jews escaped Jerusalem and spread into the world; Jews do not have a territory. During this period, many Jews change their religion or language based on where they lived; Jews were not very welcomed in any place in the world during this time -
Greek Independence War
The Greeks declares war against the Ottoman Empire to claim independence, and this is the start of nationalism that began to emerge in Europe. -
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Jewish Immigration (Zionism)
The Jews start nationalism, but since the Jews do not have a territory, the Jews decide to go back to Palestine where Jerusalem is, and to make a country. Zionism is named after the mountain named Zion near Jerusalem. Zionism starts to spread around the Jews, and many Jews immigrate to Palestine, and this happens rapidly after WWI when the Jews are not welcomed in many places. -
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WWI
The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) and the Allies (mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States) fought each other. The war mainly happens in Europe. -
Hussein-Mcmahon Correspondence
The British promises Hussain the whole Arabian peninsula and Syria after WWI. -
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Arab Revolt 1916-18
The Arabians have a riot against the Ottoman Empire and the Hashim Family conquers the area on Mecca and Medina and names it the Hejaz Kingdom. The Hejaz Kingdom helps England get Jerusalem back. They also have a revolt against the British for keeping the Skyes-Picot Agreement first. -
Skyes-Picot Agreement
The British make an agreement with France which divides the French and British territory in the Middle East. They decided to claim modern-day southern Israel and Palestine, Jordan and southern Iraq. -
Balfour Declaration
Statement of British support “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.” Balfour makes this declaration to keep the relationship with the Jews; the Jews were the ones who supported most of the money needed for war. This was the start of the conflict between Palestine and Israel. -
Defeat of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire is defeated during WWI by the Allies. After the war ends, the British first keeps the Skyes-Picot Agreement. But when this happens, the Hashim family and the Jews keep asking the British when would they keep the promise that they made. So, the British make a territory for the Hashim family, without the Palestine area, and also keep immigrating Jews to Palestine. Herbert Samuel gets appointed by the manager of colonies, and he was a Zionist. Shelter for immigration was kept made. -
Arab Revolt 1936
Under Amin al-Husseini, a riot against the British happens because the British keep making shelter and an army for the Jews. The British make the riot illegal, and Amin al-Husseini escapes to Lebanon. -
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WWII
The Allies try to keep the Axis powers from winning the war. So, the British should have a good image of the Arabs, so the British restrict the Jews from immigrating to Jerusalem and also restricts Jews from buying land. The Jews become angry at the British, and the US was also becoming a great power, so the Jews decide to rely on the US abandoning the British. The British also leaves the Palestine conflict to the UN since the British lost trust with both the Jews and the Arabs. -
The Holocaust
As the holocaust begins, the immigration of the Jews to Palestine become much more rapid. -
1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine (The First Middle East War) (Result: Israel Wins)
This was the first phase of the Palestinian war, and it broke out after the UN adopted a resolution called the Partition Plan of Palestine as in the picture. The idea was that Palestine and the Jews get each territory and make Jerusalem a joint area between the Jews and Palestine. Both the Jews and Palestine did not like that idea, and a civil war happens between the Palestine military and the Jew military, and also the British. The British military withdraws after the resolution was adopted. -
State of Israel is made
In an art museum in Tel Aviv, Israel declares the independence of Israel and also the founding of Israel. America and the Soviet Union accepts the declaration and many countries also agrees that Israel is a country. But, most of the Arabian countries did not agree that Israel is a country. -
End of the British Mandate in Palestine
The British withdrew her military out of Palestine while the Palestine civil war, leaving the war up to the Arabs and the Jews. After the British left, the Jews and the Arabs' fight got tenser to conquer the key territory where the British left behind. -
The Egyptian Revolution of 1952
The Kingdom of Egypt is fallen, and Gamal Abdel Nasser governs Egypt. Nasser takes over the Suez canal which Britain and France controlled. So, Britain and France decide to attack Egypt, but France and Britain tell Israel to get the Suez canal back. -
Suez Crisis (The Second Middle East War)
Israeli troops invade the Sinai peninsula, and this was the start of the Suez Crisis. But because of the increase in Israel's war power, Israel conquers the whole Sinai peninsula and the Suez canal. But, as the Soviet Union and America stand on Egypt's side, Britain and France withdraws from the peninsula, and Israel also withdraws and the Suez Crisis comes to an end. -
Palestine Liberation Organization is made
The Palestine Liberation Organization is made to liberate Palestine, and its main goal was to destruct Israel. Egypt supports this, and the organization builds its headquarters in Jordan and makes guerilla battles in Israel. Israel was surrounded by enemies, and Israel was in a really bad position. -
The Setback (The Third Middle East War)
Israel starts invading the countries around its territory immediately without any warning and starts the war by bombing all of Egypt's air force headquarters and was able to have a head start in the war. In six days, Israel conquers the Sinai peninsula, the West Bank of Jordan, and the Golan heights. Israel completely wins the war. Then Israel adopts a solution of saying instead of returning all of the territories that Israel took, a peace treaty will be signed. But it does not get agreed. -
Munich Massacre
8 members of the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) sneak into the place where Israeli athletes stay and kill 11 people. After this massacre, the Arabian society has a bad image from the world. -
Yom Kippur War (The Fourth Middle East War)
Egypt invades Israel on the day of Yom Kippur, where all Jew people rest and do not work. Egypt invades the Sinai peninsula and takes the lead in the war. Because of that, Israel gets attacked not being able to do any counterattacks, unlike the other Middle East Wars. Since Israel was stuck in the corner by attacks from Syria, Israel thinks about using nuclear bombs too. So then the US helps Israel by supporting weapons, and finally, Israel wins the war again on 25 October 1973. -
Camp David Accords
The Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin sign a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt. The other Arabian countries react that Egypt is a traitor. Egypt gets the Sinai peninsula back and also the Suez canal. -
The 1st Intifada
The 1st Intifada happened by the Palestinians having an armed uprising against the Israeli military. This happens when an Israeli tank runs over four boys living in a refugee camp in the Gaza Strip.