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He was raised by his uncle (rich merchant) -
Muhammaad had to scape from Mecca to Medina(beginning of Muslim calendar) -
The prophet converted the people of Medina to the new religion and, with their help, attacked Mecca -
632-661
After Muhammad's death, the Orthodox Caliphate was reached, in which four caliphs succeeded one another: Abu Bakr, Umar, Utman and Ali. It is in this caliphate when the Muslim empire leaves Arabia to spread mainly through Syria, Iraq and Egypt. -
After a short illness Muhammad died in the city of Medina at the age of 63. -
661-750
Capital in Damascus (Syria)
Conquest of North of Africa, Iberian Peninsula (711) and rest of Persia. -
The weaknees of the Visigoths allowed Islam to conquer Iberian peninsula, where they remained until 1492 -
Army of Berbers led by an Arab minority crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete, in which King Roderic died -
They conquered the Berber tribes in North Africa, took over most of the Iberian Peninsula and attacked the Frankish kingdom, where they were beaten in the Battle of Poitiers (732) and forced to retreat south of the Pyrenees. -
Visigothic nobles and clerics, along with a small part of the population, took refuge in the Cantabrian mountains -
718-756
After the military conquest, Al-Andalus became a province or emirate that was dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus.
The capital was established in Córdoba. -
750-1258
- Defeated the Umayyads and took over the Caliphate
- Capital un Baghdad
-Al-Andalus, Egypt and Morocco, separated themselves from the
central power -
756-929
The last member of the Umayyad family, Prince Abd al-Rahman, fled to Al-Andalus.
He broke away from the Baghdad Caliphate, declared himself an independent emir under the name of Abd al-Rahman I and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. -
929-1031
Emirate of Córdoba faced numerous problems: internal rebellions, attacks by the Christian kingdoms (León, Navarre and Castile) and threats to maritime trade from North Africa.
The emir Abd al-Rahman III wanted to impose his authority he proclaimed himself caliph and established the Caliphate of Córdoba, a territory independent from the authority of Baghdad. -
1031-1248
- 1008, the Caliphate began to break up.
- 1031, Al-Andalus was divided into more than 25 independent kingdoms called taifas. -
They conquered Constantinople, the Byzantine capital. This event marks the end of the Middle Ages. -
1248-1492
The only territory that survived the Christian advance of the 13th century was the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada.
In 1492 when Boabdil, the last ruler of Granada, surrendered to the Catholic Monarchs.