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Independence
On September 16, 1810, a progressive priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla became the father of Mexican independence with a historic proclamation urging his fellow Mexicans to take up arms against the Spanish government. Known as the “Grito de Dolores,” Hidalgo’s declaration launched a decade-long struggle that ended 300 years of colonial rule, established an independent Mexico and helped cultivate a unique Mexican identity. Its anniversary is now celebrated as the country’s birthday. -
First Empire (Iturbide)
First Empire (Iturbide)
1821-1822 (constitutional monarchy)
It existed from the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba in 1821 until the emperor's abdication in 1823 and the proclamation of the Federal Republic in 1824. -
The Triumvirate
Is a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals, each a triumvir.
The term can also be used to describe a state with three different military leaders who all claim to be the sole leader. -
Casa Mata Plan
Its purpose was to overthrow Iturbide, it wanted to form a new Congress and it supported the regional autonomy. -
Liberal Constitution of 1824
Promulgated October 4th, 1824
Inspired by Cádiz Constitution
- Established a Federal Republic
- Catholic Religion
- Education & Freedom of Press
- Did not alter the rights of the chuch and the military -
First Federal Republic in Mexico
First Mexican experience with Republic Two Triumvirates & Nine Presidents, Creation of the Mexican Hacienda, more loans from foreign countries and attempt of a Spanish reconquest. -
Santa Anna Dictatorship(1833-1835)
President Pedraza convened the Congress of Mexico, and he elected Santa Anna as president on 1 April 1833. President Santa Anna appointed Valentín Gómez Farías as Vice-President and largely left the governing of the nation to him. -
Liberal Reforms of 1833
Abolished clergy and military “fueros”, took away property of the Church, public schools, national guard, national library, museum and university. It was promoted by liberas -
The Seven Laws
They were a series of constitutional instruments that fundamentally altered the organizational structure of the young first Mexican Republic 15 December 1835. Their purpose was to centralize and strengthen the federal government at a time when the very independence of Mexico was in question. -
Texas Independence
This area's great attraction was the fertile soil, ideal for cotton production. By the early 1830s, transplanted Americans, many of them slave owners, outnumbered the Tejanos; the Mexican government soon understood that it had committed a great error by encouraging the migration of U.S. citizens with a hankering for independence. -
Santa Anna and the Central Republic
The Centralist Republic is the period of the history of Mexico in which the State was organized under a unitary political regime The centralist regime was established formally on December 30, 1836, with the promulgation of The Seven Laws, although already in 1835 the federal constitution of 1824 had been repealed -
First French Intervention (Pastry War)
The war was nominally fought because French citizens living in Mexico during a prolonged period of strife had their investments ruined and the Mexican government refused any sort of reparations, but it also had to do with long-standing Mexican debt. -
Secession of the Yucatan Peninsula
Santiago Iman, who took the city of Valladolid, issued on the 12th of February an act in which he requested the reestablishment of the Constitution of 1824.
After 6 days, the territory was declared independent from the new republic -
The Organic Bases
There were two different Organic Bases that modified the Constitution of 1835 (Seven Laws) and ended Anastasio Bustamante's presidency: A) 1841 (Tacubaya) - Federal Regime
B) 1843 - Central regime led by Santa Anna -
US. invasion of Mexico(1846-1848)
marked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of U.S. victories. When the dust cleared, Mexico had one-third of its territory -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Officially entitled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic,is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War (1846–48). -
Lucas Alamán
October 18, 1792, Guanajuato - June 2, 1853.
Minister and Presidential advisor. Participated in the Conservative Party in favor of the Church. He was in favor of division of powers, preferred a centralist Republic in order to organize the country better and promoted Mexico’s industrialization. -
The Ayutla Revolution
The Revolution of Ayutla brought together some of the most creative minds in Mexico .The new liberal government ushered in a new era known as the Reform ( La Reforma), which set about to dismantle the old military and church led conservative state and bring about a new secular, democratic state .This brought them into conflict with those who supported the old order and eventually led the country to civil war. -
Reforma Laws
It was ratified on February 5, 1857,establishing individual rights such as freedom of speech; freedom of conscience; freedom of the press; freedom of assembly; and the right to bear arms. It also reaffirmed the abolition of slavery, eliminated debtor prison, and eliminated all forms of cruel and unusual punishment, including the death penalty. Reforma Laws: Abolished privileges and exemptions of the Church and the military, Eliminated the government obligation to demand the payment of the tithe -
The Reforma war
The Reforma War started with the promulgation of the Plan of Tacubaya, January 1st, 1861, with the entry to the city of Mexico of general Jesus González Ortega, this conflict escaped between the conservative and liberal groups, the first ones were looking for the permanence of the state of things of the Cologne, meanwhile it was favoring its privileges, and the second ones were looking for the social transformation it was doing a modern political structure. -
Second French Intervention
An invasion of Mexico in late 1861 by the Second French Empire, supported in the beginning by the United Kingdom and Spain. It followed President Benito Juárez's suspension of interest payments to foreign countries on 17 July 1861, which angered these three major creditors of Mexico. -
Second Empire (Maximimlian I)
With the support of the French army, and a group of conservative Mexican monarchists hostile to the liberal administration of new Mexican President Benito Juárez, Maximilian traveled to Mexico. Once there, he declared himself Emperor of Mexico -
The Restored Republic (Juárez)
The Restored Republic (Juárez)
Juárez immediately set about making economic, political and educational reforms. Schooling was made mandatory, a railway was built between Veracruz and Mexico City and to increase commerce a rural police force, the rurales was established to check banditry. -
Noria Plan (Diaz)
In the 1871 elections, Juarez did not obtain a clear majority against Lerdo de Tejada and Porfirio Díaz
Díaz started an uprising (Noria Plan) but was defeated -
Porfirio Díaz Régime
It began in 1884 when Porfirio Díaz was elected president. It is from this moment that the president takes charge of civil air rather than military as had happened so far.
The ideology was based on positivism postulated order and paz.Impulso of the Mexican economy. Mexico experienced the greatest growth and progress in its history.
