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From the mid-5th century to the early 13th century, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe and it was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine
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It was a revolt against Emperor Justinian I that took place over the course of a week in Constantinople in AD 532. It was the most violent riot in the history of Constantinople, with nearly half the city being burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people killed.
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A series of brilliant victories followed as Belisarius deployed his forces and maneuvered his strategies in ways unfamiliar to the Persian forces and so ably defeated them.
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The Hagia Sophia, whose name means “holy wisdom,” is a domed monument originally built as a cathedral in Constantinople in the sixth century A.D.
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The early Muslim conquests also referred to as the Arab conquests and early Islamic conquests began with the Islamic Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. He established a new unified polity in the Arabian Peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion.
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By the end of the millennium the fortunes of war turned into Byzantine favour.By the end of the millennium the fortunes of war turned into Byzantine favour. The Byzantines under Basil II, a successful general and experienced soldier, slowly got the upper hand and from 1001 started to seize a number of important areas and towns.
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On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of “Deus vult!” or “God wills it!”
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The Fourth Crusade was a Western European armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III, originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, a sequence of events culminated in the Crusaders sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Christian-controlled Byzantine Empire.
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marked the end of the Roman Empire, an imperial state that had lasted for nearly 1,500 years.The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople also dealt a massive blow to Christendom, as the Muslim Ottoman armies thereafter were left unchecked to advance into Europe.
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The East–West Schism, between the Eastern Church and the Western Church in 1054
The Western Schism, a split within the Roman Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417
