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Domesday Book
Cause:
The Domesday Book is one of Medieval England's greatest treasures. The Domesday Book is closely linked with William the Conqueror's attempt to dominate Medieval England.
Effect:
To further extend his grip on England, William I ordered that a book be made containing information on who owned what throughout the country. This book would also tell him who owed him what in tax and because the information was on record, nobody could dispute or argue against a tax demand. -
First Crusade
Cause:
The First Crusade played a very important part in Medieval England. The First Crusade was an attempt to re-capture Jerusalem. After the capture of Jerusalem by the Muslims in 1076, any Christian who wanted to pay a pilgrimage to the city faced a very hard time.
Effect:
Those who volunteered to go to fight the Muslims cut out red crosses and sewed them on their tunics. The French word "croix" means cross and the word changed to "croisades" or crusades. -
Battle of Hastings
Cause: The battle of Hastings took place in the year AD 1066 after a dispute over the successional to the English throne. The Battle both directly and indirectly, ushered in changes in English law and laid the groundwork for the beginnings of the English feudal system.
Affect: After the Battle, William still had to conquer England. He marched from the Hastings crossing the Thames and then towards London. At Berkhamsted he received some sort of information on the surrender of the city. -
Third Crusade
Cause: The French and English contingents were delayed in their departure by mutual suspicion. The Germany army was not delayed, but their progress disintegrated upon the death of Frederick I while crossing the Goksu River in June 1190.
Effect: The Third Crusade also led to the acquisition of Cyprus by the Latins. This was a major addition to Outremer and one that outlasted the mainland. Its acquisition was important because it had been taken away from the Greeks. -
Black Death
Cause:
The Black Death was caused by fleas carried by rats that were very common in towns and cities. The fleas bit into their victims literally injecting them with the disease. Death could be very quick for the weaker victims.
Effect:
The Black Death had a huge impact on society. Fields went unploughed as the men who usually did this were victims of the disease. -
The rise of Samurai Warrior class
Cause – when Emperor Toba died without a clear successor, his sons fought for control in civil war called the Hogan Rebellion. During this civil war, the Minamoto and Taira samurai clans rose to prominence. They fought one another in the Heiji Rebellion of 1160
Effect – after their victory, the Taira established the first samurai-led government, or shogunate, with the emperor as a figurehead. -
Mongols try to invade Japan
Cause:
Once Kublai had Korea completely under his power, he placed his eyes on Japan, the only country in the East that remained free from Mongol rule.
Effect:
The Mongol’s first invasion occurred in the 1274, they sent out 900 vessels which contained 40,000 troops but after they retired their ships, a serve storm hit the island which sunk 200 ships and killing over 13,000 Mongol Soldiers. As a result, the remaining armada retreated back to Korea. -
The battle of Nagashino
Cause:
The forces of Takeda Katsuyori clashed with the allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu on the Shitaragahara plain near Nagashino Castle, located in central Japan.
Effect:
Victory at Nagashino secured the Oda eastern flank, and allowed Oda Nobunaga to consolidate his power around the capital and expand to the west. -
Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Japan
Cause:
The reason why the United States sent Matthew Perry to Japan was that to use it as coaling base or a base where steamships, which used coal, could restock their coal supply and Japan was the perfect location because it was almost the same latitude as San Francisco.
Effect:
For Japan, the treaty had a wide variety of effects. First of all, the treaty brought in a large amount of foreign money and this disrupted the Japanese currency. -
Mongols tries to invade Japan Again (2nd time)
Cause:
They tried to invade Japan for the second time because they had interest on them and they failed their first attempt of invasion because of a severe storm that hit Japan which sunk over 200 ships and killing 13,000 Mongols.
Effect:
During their second invasion, another storm hit the north Kyushu while the Yuan soldiers was preparing their second attempt. They were forced to retreat since their attempt consisted mainly on sea battles. -
The great plague of Lodon
Cause:
The Great Plague of London was the last of its long series of plague epidemics which first began in London during mid-1499. It first suspected in the late 1664 which began to spread eastwards in April 1665.
Effect:
During September 1665, the great Plague of London’s death rate had reached approximately 8,000 deaths per week. It ended up killing between 75,000 – 100,000 people. -
The recurrence of the plague
Cause:
The plague came back in 1361-64. Since people in towns live close to each other, the filth that littered the street gave rats a perfect environment to breed and increase their number.
Effect:
The death toll estimated that approximately 20 million people died in Europe ALONE from the Black Death. This 20 million people are about one-third of the population back then. Several cities lost 40% of residents if not more. -
The Flagellants
Cause:
Medieval people believed that it was a plague sent by god to punish medieval society for its. The church and its many followers believed that the best way to prevent the plague was to confess their sins and pray to god for forgiveness.
Effect:
Confession and prayer seemed to have little effect and so some people decided to punish themselves in order to gain god’s forgiveness. They punished themselves by whipping themselves as a form of penance for sin. -
Persecution of the Jews
Cause:
In the fear of the widespread, many people looked for someone to blame for their suffering. The Christians believed that the Jews were capable of poisoning the wells of Christian societies and infecting the inhabitants with plague.
Effect:
In September 1348, a group of Jews were put on a trial at Chillon charged for poisoning wells. Jews were burnt to death in cities throughout Germany. In most cities the massacres took place when Black Death occurred. -
Mass Burial
Cause:
Due to the disease that was spreading, communities and towns were overwhelmed by the amount of death toll. So many dead bodies were taken to the churches that was NOT consecrated ground in which to bury them.
Effect:
In various cities, dead bodies were thrown into the river or piled up in pits due to the lack of suitable burials. People perished rapidly in which that burials services could not keep up. -
Italian Wars
Italian Wars
Cause:
The Italian Wars began 1494 when Charles VIII of Frances invaded Italy and detained Naples without any effort, only to be mandatory to retreat by a coalition of Spain.
Effect:
The wars, though damaging to Italy, it had helped to spread the Italian Renaissance (Rebirth) in Western Europe. From the military standpoint, they signified the pass of loyalty, which found its last great representative in the seigneur de Bayard. -
Vikings Raid
Cause:
Due to the naval and military advantage, the Vikings raids were extremely devastating to the Northern Europe. This triggered a serious of events which is commonly related to religions ‘Why did god send this people against us?’
Effect:
The Vikings raid continued until the year of 1066 when King Haraldr died of Norway trying to conquer England. Although some say that Christianity in Scandinavia brought the end of the Viking Age. -
Fall of Constantinople
Cause:
The Fall of Coonstantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which happened after a obstruction by the Ottoman Empire, under the comment of Sultan Mehmed II, against the Emperor Constantine XI who is the defending army that he commanded.
Effect:
The Fall of Contantinope marked the end of the Byzantine Empire which is an empire that lasted for over 1,100, and was a massive blow for Christendom. Sultan Mehmed II made Constantinople the Ottoman Empire’s new capital. -
Inca military expansion
Cause:
Since this dynasty was founded, it was ever-growing, but it got its greatest hastening during the great Pachacuti. Pachacuti had a singular way of expanding the empire keeping peace in the region.
Effect:
The Incan Empire became the strongest and largest nation of the pre-Columbian America with a population of three-seven millions and an area covering 380,000 square miles. -
Leif Erickson
Leif Ericson who is the son of Eric the Red, is believe to be the first white man ever to set a foot on an American Soil. Leif accidentally landed somewhere in North America in the year 1000 which is nearly 500 years before Columbus made his famed Voyage.
